Abstract
The measurement of the electromotive force (EMF) of a suitable galvanic cell is one of the most accurate methods to obtain thermodynamic information of alloys. For a chemist, all chemical reactions are, in a sense, electrochemical reactions since all chemical interactions at the atomic level are electrical interactions. Therefore, every chemist and material scientist should be familiar with EMF measurements. This article reviews EMF measurements and the advantages and disadvantages of liquid and solid electrolytes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C.B. Alcock, editor, Electromotive Force Measurements in High-Temperature Systems (New York: Inst. of Min. and Metallurgy, American Elsevier Publ. Co., 1968).
H. Brodowsky and H.-J. Schaller, editors, Thermochemistry of Alloys: Recent Developments of Experimental Methods (Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Acad. Pub., 1989).
Y.A. Chang and F. Sommer, editors, Thermodynamics of Alloy Formations (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1997).
J.F. Elliott and J. Chipman, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 73 (1951), p. 2682.
S. Karlhuber (Master Thesis, University of Vienna, 1993).
S. Knott et al., Int. J. Mat. Res., 97 (2006), p. 1102.
J.N. Pratt, Metall. Trans., 21A (1990) p. 1223.
H. Schmalzried, Z. Phys. Chem., 25 (1960), p. 178.
N. Petrenko, H. Ipser and A. Mikula (unpublished research).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mikula, A. The physical properties of electronic materials as determined by EMF measurements. JOM 59, 35–37 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-007-0007-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-007-0007-6