Abstract
The use of zinc-coated steels for automotive, construction, and appliance applications has grown continually during the past decade. An understanding of the effects of process parameters and substrate characteristics on the coating microstructure is critical for optimizing the performance of the zinc-based coatings. This paper presents an overview of the application of advanced electron and focused-ion-beam microscopy techniques to characterize the microstructure of galvanized and galvannealed coatings.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
E.A. Silva and F.E. Goodwin, Proc. of 6th Int. Conf. on Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Sheet Steels—Galvatech 2004 (Warrendale, PA: AIST, 2004), pp. 1–26.
M. Dubois, Proc. of 6th Int. Conf. on Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Sheet Steels—Galvatech 2004 (Warrendale, PA: AIST, 2004), pp. 453–460.
M. Guttman, Materials Science Forum, 155–156 (1994), pp. 527–548.
P. Perrot, J.-C. Tissier, and J.-Y. Dauphin, Zeitschrift fur Metallkunde, 83 (11) (1992), pp. 786–790.
Y. Leprètre et al., Zinc-Based Steel Coating Systems: Production and Performance, ed. F.E. Goodwin (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1998), pp. 95–106.
W. van Koesveld et al., Galvatech '95: The Use and Manufacture of Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Sheet Steel Products into the 21st Century (Warrendale, PA: ISS/AIME, 1995), pp. 343–355.
M. Guttman et al., Galvatech '95: The Use and Manufacture of Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Sheet Steel Products into the 21st Century (Warrendale, PA: ISS/AIME, 1995), pp. 295–307.
D.C. Cook and R.C. Grant, Galvatech '95: The Use and Manufacture of Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Sheet Steel Products into the 21st Century (Warrendale, PA: ISS/AIME, 1995), pp. 497–508.
C.S. Lin and M. Meshii, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 25B (October 1994), pp. 721–730.
C.E. Jordan and A.R. Marder, Journal of Materials Science, 32 (1997), pp. 5603–5610.
E.T. McDevitt et al., 39th MWSP Conference Proceedings, Vol. XXXV (Warrendale, PA: ISS, 1998), pp. 127–136.
N.Y. Tang, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 26A (July 1995), pp. 1699–1704.
N.Y. Tang, Zinc-Based Steel Coating Systems: Production and Performance, ed. F.E. Goodwin (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1998), pp. 3–12.
M.L. Giorgi et al., Proc. of 6th Int. Conf. on Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Sheet Steels—Galvatech 2004 (Warrendale, PA: AIST, 2004), pp. 179–186.
M.H. Kaye, W.T. Thompson and J.R. McDemid, Proc. of Symposium on Developments in Sheet Products for Automotive Applications ed. J.R. Fekete and R. Pradham (Warrendale, PA: MS&T 2005), pp. 199–210.
F. Ajersh et al., Proc. of 96th Galvanizers Association Annual Meeting (Centennial, CO: Galvanizers Association, 2005).
“Standard Test Method for Weight [Mass] of Coating on Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy Coatings”, ASTM Standard A 90/A90M-01 (West Conshohocken, PA; ASTM International).
T. Malis et al., Industrial Applications of Electron Microscopy, ed. Z.R. Li (New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., 2003), pp. 213–257.
C.E. Jordan et al., Materials Characterization, 31 (2) (September 1993), pp. 107–114.
S. Dionne et al., Microstructural Science, Vol. 26, (Materials Park, OH: IMS/ASM International, 1998), pp. 339–345.
G.J. Harvey and P.D. Mercer, Metallurgical Transactions, 4 (February 1973), pp. 619–621.
J. Angeli et al., Steel Research, 69 (12) (1998), pp. 489–511.
S. Dionne et al., 44th MWSP Conference Proceedings, Vol. XL (Warrendale, PA: ISS, 2002), pp. 405–415.
T.Kato et al., Acta Materialia et Metallurgica (2000), pp. 2257–2262.
M.H. Hong and H. Saka, Journal of Electron Microscopy, 53 (5) (2004), pp. 545–552.
G. L'Esperance et al., Galvatech 92—Second International Conference on Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Steel Sheet (Dusseldorf, Germany: Verlag Stahleisen, 1992), pp. 442–448.
R.J. Patterson et al., Proceedings of Microscopy and Microanalysis Conference, 8 (2002), pp. 566–567.
P. Drillet et al., Proc. of 6th Int. Conf. on Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Sheet Steel—Galvatech 2004 (Warrendale, PA: AIST, 2004), pp. 1123–1134.
I. Hertveldt, B.C. De Cooman, and S. Claessens, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Steel Sheet—Galvatech 98 (Tokyo: Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, 1998), pp. 230–235.
E.T. McDevitt, Y. Morimoto, and M. Meshii, 39th MWSP Conference Proceedings, Vol. XXXV (Warrendale, PA: ISS, 1998), pp. 215–224.
S.E. Price, V. Randle, and M. Pichilingi, Iron and Steelmaking, 26 (5) (1999), pp. 378–386.
S. Dionne et al., Proceedings of the International Symposium on Materials in the Automotive Industry, ed. E. Essadiqi, F.E. Goodwin, and M. Elboujdaini (Montreal, Canada: The Metallurgical Society of CIM, 2001), pp. 351–365.
F. Friedel, O. Maid, and W. Warnecke, Galvanised Steel Sheet Forum—Automotive (London: The Institute of Materials, 2000), pp. 89–101.
W. Zhong, H.F. Ng, and M. Ichikawa, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Steel Sheet—Galvatech 1998 (Tokyo: Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, 1998), pp. 603–607.
W. Zhong, H.F. Ng, and J.M. James, Zinc-Based Steel Coating Systems: Production and Performance, ed. F.E. Goodwin (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1998), pp. 185–194.
S. Dionne et al., Proc. of 97th Galvanizers Association Meeting (Centennial, CO: Galvanizers Association, 2005).
L. Bordignon, Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Steel Sheet—Galvatech 2001 (Düsseldorf, Germany: Verlag-Stahleisen, 2001), pp. 19–26.
I. Parezanivic and M. Spiegel, Proc. of 6th Int. Conf. on Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Sheet Steels—Galvatech 2004 (Warrendale, PA: AIST, 2004), pp. 401–409.
M.H. Hong and D. Paik, Proc. of 6th Int. Conf. on Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Sheet Steels—Galvatech 2004 (Warrendale, PA: AIST, 2004), pp. 1145–1154.
S. Traint et al., Int. Conf. on Advanced High Strength Sheet Steels for Automotive Applications Proc. (Warrendale, PA: AIST, 2004), pp. 79–98.
J. Mahieu et al., Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Zinc and Zinc-Alloy Coated Steel Sheet—Galvatech 2004 (Warrendale, PA: AIST, 2004), pp. 529–538.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dionne, S. The characterization of continuous hot-dip galvanized and galvannealed steels. JOM 58, 32–40 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-006-0157-y
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-006-0157-y