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L’introduction faussement simple du cognitivisme dans la thérapie comportementale

The not-so-simple introduction of cognitivism into behavior therapy

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Résumé

Les conflits au sein de la thérapie comportementale causés par l’avènement public des thérapies cognitivocomportementales en Amérique sont examinés. Les origines de ces dernières sont recherchées à l’intérieur même de l’héritage comportementaliste (conditionnement classique, conditionnement opérant et théorie de l’apprentissage social) ainsi que dans le reste de l’environnement psychologique et psychothérapeutique des années 1960 et 1970. Deux résultats de l’étude vont à l’encontre d’un discours simplificateur communément entendu en France. Premièrement, l’acceptation de référentiels cognitifs dans le mouvement de la thérapie comportementale n’a pas été et n’est pas unanime, puisque les comportementalistes radicaux skinnériens, encore actifs aujourd’hui, s’en sont désolidarisés. Deuxièmement, l’intégration cognitivocomportementale de la thérapie ne s’est pas faite par référence au modèle du traitement de l’information, mais plutôt par un processus hétéroclite d’emprunts internes et externes en réponse à des interrogations anthropologiques sur le contrôle cognitif du comportement.

Abstract

The conflicts within behavior therapy caused by the public advent of cognitive behavior therapy in America are examined. The origins of the latter are sought out within the behavioristic heritage itself (classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning theory), as well as in the rest of the psychological and psychotherapeutical environment of the 1960s and 1970s. Two findings go against a simplificatory speech commonly heard in France. Firstly, the acceptance of cognitive frames of reference in the behavior therapy movement wasn’t and isn’t unanimous, since the Skinnerian radical behaviorists, still active today, dissociated themselves from it. Secondly, the therapy’s cognitive-behavioral integration didn’t happen with reference to the information processing model, but rather through a disparate process of internal and external borrowings in answer to anthropological questionings on the cognitive control of behavior.

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  1. Institut de psychologie, centre Henri-Piéron, université Paris-V-René-Descartes, 71, avenue Édouard-Vaillant, F-92774, Boulogne-Billancourt cedex, France

    D. Ravon

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Ravon, D. L’introduction faussement simple du cognitivisme dans la thérapie comportementale. Psychiatr Sci Hum Neurosci 8, 207–218 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11836-010-0150-y

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