Skip to main content
Log in

Deux nouveaux anticoagulants: Dabigatran et Rivaroxaban Leur impact sur les examens de coagulation

Two new anticoagulants: Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban Their influence on coagulation assays

  • Mise Au Point
  • Published:
Bio tribune magazine

Résumé

Deux nouveaux anticoagulants directs actifs par voie orale — Dabigatran etexilate prodrogue ou Pradaxa® inhibiteur du facteur IIa et Rivaroxaban ou Xarelto® inhibiteur du facteur Xa — ont reçu en Europe et au Canada l’autorisation de mise sur le marché (AMM) dans la prévention des accidents thromboemboliques veineux en chirurgie orthopédique majeure. Le Dabigatran est enregistré dans la fibrillation auriculaire en Amérique du Nord.

L’un de leurs avantages est de ne pas nécessiter de surveillance régulière de la coagulation. Néanmoins, dans un petit nombre de circonstances cliniques particulières, il peut devenir nécessaire de mesurer leur activité anticoagulante. Ceci implique le choix de techniques appropriées et une interprétation des résultats en fonction du délai séparant la prise de sang et la prise du médicament. Les études ont utilisé des pools de plasmas normaux enrichis en concentrations croissantes de Rivaroxaban ou Dabigatran ou des plasmas de sujets traités.

Il convient de distinguer des tests simples très disponibles, comme le Temps de Quick préféré pour le Rivaroxaban plutôt que pour le Dabigatran, mais non spécifiques, et des tests comme le dosage de l’activité anti-Xa moins régulièrement disponibles, mais spécifiques. Le temps de céphaline avec activateur et mieux le temps de thrombine modifié (Hémoclot) et le dosage de l’activité anti-IIa seront utilisés pour le Dabigatran. Dans toutes ces techniques, l’emploi de plasmas calibrés à teneur connue de médicament permet d’exprimer des résultats en ng ou en μg/mL de plasma, afin de les comparer aux valeurs obtenues chez les malades.

Abstract

Two new orally active anticoagulants — Dabigatran etexilate prodrug or Pradaxa® inhibitor of factor IIa and Rivaroxaban or Xarelto® inhibitor of factor Xa — have received the European and Canadian authorizations to be launched on the market for preventing venous thromboembolic accidents in major orthopedic surgery. Dabigatran is registered in North America for patients with atrial fibrillation.

One of their advantages is that they do not require regular monitoring of coagulation.

Nevertheless, in a small number of particular clinical settings, it might become necessary to measure their anticoagulant activity. This implies the choice of appropriate techniques and an interpretation of the results according to the time between the blood collection and the taking of the drug. Studies have used pools of normal plasmas enriched with increasing concentrations of Rivaroxaban or Dabigatran, or plasmas of treated patients.

One must make a distinction between the simple tests, which are very easy to make, like prothrombin time preferred for Rivaroxaban rather than for Dabigatran, but not specific, and the tests like anti-Xa activity measurement less easily available, but specific. The activated partial thromboplastin time, and preferably the modified thrombin time (Hemoclot), and the anti-IIa activity measurement will be used for Dabigatran. In all these techniques, the use of calibrated plasmas containing known quantities of drug allow to express the results in ng or in μg/mL of plasma, in order to compare them to the values obtained in patients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Références

  1. Samama MM, Conard J, Horellou MH, et al. (2010) Deux nouveaux anticoagulants disponibles en 2010 — Dabigatran Etexilate et Rivaroxaban: progrès attendus — problèmes posés. Ann Pharm Fr 68: 359–369

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Palareti G, Leali N, Coccheri S, et al. (1997) Hemorrhagic complications of oral anticoagulant therapy: results of a prospective multicenter study ISCOAT (Italian Study on Complications of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy). G Ital Cardiol 27: 231–243

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Weitz JI, Hirsh J, Samama MM, American College of Chest Physicians (2008) New antithrombotic drugs: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 133: 234S–256S

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Duggan ST, Scott LJ, Plosker GL (2009) Rivaroxaban: a review of its use for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after total hip or knee replacement surgery. Drugs 69: 1829–1851

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Van Ryn J, Stangier J, Haertter S, et al. (2010) Dabigatran etexilate—a novel, reversible, oral direct thrombin inhibitor: interpretation of coagulation assays and reversal of anticoagulant activity. Thromb Haemost 103: 1116–1127

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Samama MM, Martinoli JL, LeFlem L, et al. (2010) Assessment of laboratory assays to measure rivaroxaban-an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor. Thromb Haemost 103: 815–825

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Samama MM, Guinet C (2011) Review: Laboratory assessment of new anticoagulants. Clin Chem Lab Med 49: 761–772

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Tripodi A, Chantarangkul V, Guinet C, Samama MM (2011) The International Normalized Ratio calibrated for rivaroxaban has the potential to normalize prothrombin time results for rivaroxaban-treated patients: results of an in vitro study. J Thromb Haemost 9: 226–228

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Lindhoff-Last E, Samama MM, Ortel TL, et al. (2010) Assays for measuring rivaroxaban: their suitability and limitations. Ther Drug Monit 32: 673–679

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Merriman E, Kaplan Z, Butler J, et al. (2011) Rivaroxaban and false positive lupus anticoagulant testing. Thromb Haemost 105: 385–386

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Depasse F, Gerotziafas GT, Busson J, et al. (2004) Assessment of three chromogenic and one clotting assays for the measurement of synthetic pentasaccharide fondaparinux (Arixtra) anti-Xa activity. J Thromb Haemost 2: 346–348

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Samama MM, Amiral J, Guinet C, et al. (2010) An optimised, rapid chromogenic assay, specific for measuring direct factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban) in plasma. Thromb Haemost 104: 1078–1079

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Samama MM (2011) Interindividual variability of in vitro response to anticoagulants. Thromb Res 127: 1

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Wong PC, Jiang X (2010) Apixaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor, inhibits gissue-factor induced human platelet aggregation in vitro: Comparison whth direct inhibitors of factor VIIa, XIa and thrombin. Thromb Haemost 104: 302–310

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Freyburger G, Macouillard G, Labrouche S, Sztark F (2011) Coagulation parameters in patients receiving dabigatran etexilate or rivaroxaban: Two observational studies in patients undergoing total hip or total knee replacement. Thromb Res 127: 457–465

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Haas S (2010) Facts and artefacts of coagulation assays for factor Xa inhibitors. Thromb Haemost 103: 686–688

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Mueck W, Borris LC, Dahl OE, et al. (2008) Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of once- and twice-daily rivaroxaban for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Thromb Haemost 100: 453–461

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mueck W, Eriksson BI, Bauer KA, et al. (2008) Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rivaroxaban — an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor — in patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery. Clin Pharmacokinet 47: 203–216

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Michel Samama.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Samama, M.M., Guinet, C. & Le Flem, L. Deux nouveaux anticoagulants: Dabigatran et Rivaroxaban Leur impact sur les examens de coagulation . Bio trib. mag. 38, 16–21 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11834-011-0044-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11834-011-0044-x

Mots clés

Keywords

Navigation