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Design and Analysis of Three-Dimensional Foams: A Review

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Abstract

Foams exhibit a low-density characteristic and possess a notable level of structural rigidity. Consequently, they are frequently observed in natural formations such as wood and bones. However, in modern society, foams are predominantly employed for functional purposes rather than structural ones. Moreover, there has been significant progress in the development of structural–functional integrated applications that extensively utilize foam materials. Foams find numerous applications in different fields, major of these including metal foams for lightweight construction, crash energy absorption, thermal insulation, and acoustic management; ceramic foams for thermal management systems and high-temperature appliances; polymer foams in packaging, and cushioning. The selection of materials for the aforementioned applications is mostly based on structure–property correlations. Due to the inherent complexity and time-consuming nature of material tests and characterization in predicting the topology of foam microstructures, a potential avenue for foam material design lies in the theoretical or analytical prediction of microstructural topology. The main objective of this study is to investigate the structure–property correlation of foams, different structural models, computational algorithms, and non-destructive technologies. However, the overall design of the foam microstructure was achieved through the utilization of two reengineering approaches, namely forward engineering and reverse engineering. All the models that have been designed are thoroughly examined in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, we discuss thoroughly the requirement for economical, streamlined, and effective technology in order to establish the structure–property correlations of foams, to achieve a 3D realistic microstructure.

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    Manas K. Sahoo & Animesh Mandal

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Sahoo, M.K., Mandal, A. Design and Analysis of Three-Dimensional Foams: A Review. Arch Computat Methods Eng 31, 2265–2293 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-023-10048-5

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