Abstract
Beneficial plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere have been found to enhance plant growth and development. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a major group among these microbes, have been found to improve plant fitness through mycorrhizal symbiosis. Despite being well documented in various natural and domesticated study systems, few studies have examined whether AMF also has cascading effects on other traits, such as influencing insect community dynamics through attraction/repulsion of beneficial and harmful insects. To test this, we planted Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum x drummondii), a fast-growing annual grain/forage crop, either inoculated with commercial AMF mix or left as control in lab and field experiments. We hypothesized that AMF would enhance plant growth and influence the recruitment of insect herbivores and their natural enemies due to possible alterations in plant defense pathways. Our results suggest that while AMF-inoculated plants had significantly better germination, growth, and establishment; they also experienced a lower initial incidence of Spodoptera frugiperda, a major herbivore on Sorghum in the Lower Rio Grande Valley. In addition, our insect community trapping experiment revealed that AMF-inoculated plants attracted significantly more beneficial insects (predators and parasitoids) and a lower number of damaging herbivores. Taken together, our field and lab data show that AMF can not only positively influence plant growth traits but can also provide defenses against herbivores by selectively attracting beneficial insects and repelling herbivores, with implications for sustainable pest management strategies.
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Acknowledgements
Lindsey Richards, Habraham Lopez, and Stephanie Kasper for their immense help with getting the field experiments done; Anwar Garza for providing the land, labor, and equipment for the field experiments; Paloma Flores for assisting in lab experiments; Dr. Lekshmi Sasidharan for statistics; and Lili Martinez for assisting in field trap setup and collection.
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This research was funded by following grants awarded to Dr. Rupesh Kariyat: UTRGV Transforming the world–Strategic plan award, UT system Rising Star Award, and Startup funds.
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Conceptualization: RRK, PGS, and JK.; methodology: RRK and JK; software: RRK.; validation: RRK, JK, and JC; formal analysis: RRK; investigation: JK and JC.; resources: RRK.; data curation: JK and JC.; writing—original draft preparation, JK, PGS, and RRK; writing—review and editing, JK and RRK; supervision: RRK; project administration: RRK.; funding acquisition: RRK.
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Kaur, J., Chavana, J., Soti, P. et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) influences growth and insect community dynamics in Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum x drummondii). Arthropod-Plant Interactions 14, 301–315 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-020-09747-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-020-09747-8