Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the secondary metabolites in different parts of cassava plants infested and non-infested by Phenacoccus manihoti. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at Embrapa Soja, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, with a completely randomized design involving a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement [i.e., three cassava cultivars (‘Baianinha,’ ‘Santa Helena,’ and ‘IAC-12’), two canopy strata (apical and basal), and two levels of P. manihoti infestation (infested and non-infested)]. Cassava cuttings were vertically positioned in 5-L plastic pots. To generate cassava plants infested with P. manihoti, leaves containing five mass-reared first-instar nymphs were collected and placed on shoot apices. After 48 h, samples were collected for a subsequent extraction of metabolites. Extract aliquots were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography to detect and quantify compounds. Extracts from the apical and basal leaves of ‘Baianinha,’ ‘Santa Helena,’ and ‘IAC 12’ cassava cultivars contained caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin, and trace amounts of gallic acid. Caffeic acid was mainly detected in the basal leaf extracts for all evaluated cultivars. Additionally, ferulic acid levels were relatively high in the ‘Baianinha’ and ‘Santa Helena’ basal leaves. Furthermore, rutin concentrations were higher in apical leaves than in basal leaves for all three cultivars, regardless of whether the plants were infested by P. manihoti. The presence of P. manihoti induced the production of rutin in the apical leaves of ‘Baianinha’ plants.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Vanda Pietrowski, Universidade do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste) for providing the initial mealybug population for essays setting. Edanz Group (http://www.edanzediting.com/ac) for editing a draft of this manuscript. Empresa Brasileirra de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) received grant-aided support from project MP 2/SEG 02.12.02.009.00.04.006. D.G acknowledges Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for a scholarship to fund this work.
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Gazola, D., Zucareli, C., Ringenberg, R. et al. Secondary metabolite contents in different parts of cassava plants infested by Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Arthropod-Plant Interactions 13, 359–366 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-018-9649-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-018-9649-2