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Klinik und Genetik der Ichthyosen

Clinical aspects and genetics of ichthyoses

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medizinische genetik

Zusammenfassung

Ichthyosen gehören zu einer klinisch und genetisch heterogenen Gruppe von Erkrankungen, die durch generalisierte Schuppung und/oder Hyperkeratosen der Haut charakterisiert sind. Seit der überwiegend klinisch orientierten Konsensus-Klassifikation von Sorèze werden diese Verhornungsstörungen als „Mendelian disorders of cornification“ (MEDOC) zusammengefasst und in syndromale sowie nichtsyndromale Ichthyosen unterteilt. Abgesehen von seltenen erworbenen Fällen liegen den Ichthyosen Gendefekte zugrunde, deren Genprodukte an der Differenzierung und der Barrierefunktion der Epidermis beteiligt sind. Zurzeit sind Mutationen in etwa 40 verschiedenen Genen bekannt, die zu den unterschiedlichen Formen der Ichthyosen führen können. Damit kann in etwa 80–90 % der Fälle die Diagnose molekulargenetisch gesichert werden. Die genetischen Ursachen der übrigen 10–20 % sind noch ungeklärt. Ein Großteil der bislang noch unklaren Krankheitsursachen wird sicherlich in den nächsten Jahren dank neuer Technologien wie der Exom-Sequenzierung entschlüsselt werden.

Abstract

Ichthyoses belong to a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by generalized scaling and/or hyperkeratosis of the skin. The predominantly clinically oriented consensus classification of Sorèze summarizes these disorders as Mendelian disorders of cornification (MEDOC), which are divided into syndromic and non-syndromic ichthyoses. Apart from rare acquired cases, ichthyoses are due to genetic defects where the gene products are involved in the differentiation and barrier function of the epidermis. Currently, mutations in approximately 40 different genes are known which can result in the different types of ichthyosis. Thus, the diagnosis can be confirmed by molecular genetics in approximately 80-90% of cases and the genetic causes of the remaining 10-20% are still unclear. This will be deciphered in the next few years thanks to new technologies, such as exome sequencing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 33, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland

    Judith Fischer MD, PhD

  2. Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Von Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149, Münster, Deutschland

    Heiko Traupe

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  1. Judith Fischer MD, PhD
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Correspondence to Judith Fischer MD, PhD.

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Interessenkonflikt. J. Fischer und H. Traupe geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Fischer, J., Traupe, H. Klinik und Genetik der Ichthyosen. medgen 26, 427–442 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11825-014-0017-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11825-014-0017-z

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