Zusammenfassung
Die atopischen Erkrankungen – atopische Dermatitis (AD), allergische Rhinokonjunktivitis und Asthma bronchiale – sind häufige, chronisch-entzündliche Erkrankungen der Haut und Atemwege, die oft mit Allergien (Bildung von spezifischen IgE-Antikörpern) gegen Umweltallergene assoziiert sind. Als komplexe genetische Erkrankungen werden sie sowohl durch genetische Faktoren als auch durch Umwelteinflüsse verursacht.
Bisherige Anstrengungen bei der Suche nach Krankheitsgenen zielten daher häufig auf die der Immunreaktion zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen ab. Jüngste Erfolge bei der Genidentifizierung belegen dagegen den großen Einfluss, den der epitheliale Barrieredefekt auf die Ätiologie von AD und Asthma hat. Sie stellen einen wichtigen Meilenstein bei der Aufdeckung der genetischen Ursachen dieser komplexen Erkrankungen dar und ermöglichen eine neue Sicht auf die molekularen Mechanismen, die zur Krankheitsentstehung führen. Darüber hinaus können sie wegweisend für die Entwicklung neuer Behandlungs- und Präventionsstrategien sein.
Abstract
Allergic disorders (atopic dermatitis, asthma, hay fever) are common chronic inflammatory diseases of the skin and airways that are often associated with allergies (formation of specific IgE antibodies) to environmental allergens. They are complex genetic diseases, so that both genetic and environmental factors are involved in their causation.
Most of the research effort devoted to the search for genes that might be responsible has so far focused on the mechanisms behind the immune response. More recent work on gene identification, however, documents the decisive importance of epithelial barrier defects in the pathogenesis of AD and allergic airways disease. These findings represent an important milestone in unraveling the genetic mechanisms underlying these complex diseases and allow new insight into the molecular mechanisms that lead illnesses to develop. In addition, they might point the way to novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for atopic disorders.
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Marenholz, I., Lee, YA. Die Genetik atopischer Erkrankungen. medgen 19, 346–349 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11825-007-0038-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11825-007-0038-y