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Schlaf und Burnout: Ein Überblick

Sleep and Burnout: an overview

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Zusammenfassung

Arbeitsstress, der als ursächlich für Burnout betrachtet wird, kann zu einem erhöhten kognitiven und emotionalen Hyperarousal führen. Dieses Hyperarousal ist einer der Schwerpunkte des „Teufelskreis-Modells der chronischen Insomnie“, wodurch der Zusammenhang zu Schlafstörungen unter Arbeitsstress und Burnout deutlich wird. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden Originalstudien zum Thema Schlaf und Burnout zusammengefasst und Limitationen bisheriger Forschung beschrieben. Es zeigt sich ein vielfach bestätigter querschnittlicher negativer Zusammenhang zwischen Schlafqualität und Burnout. Obwohl es eine Vielzahl an querschnittlichen Studien gibt, wird die Generalisierbarkeit der Befunde aufgrund des starken Fokus auf gesundheitsbezogene Berufe eingeschränkt. Inkonsistent sind jedoch die wenigen Befunde zu längsschnittlichen Zusammenhängen zwischen Schlafqualität oder Schlafstörungen und Burnout. Es bleibt vor allem offen, ob geringe Schlafqualität oder Schlafstörungen ein Burnout vorhersagen können. Gleichwohl gibt es einen starken negativen Zusammenhang zwischen Schlafqualität und Burnout, der im therapeutischen Setting mitberücksichtigt werden sollte. Neben psychoedukativen Maßnahmen wird auch die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie für Insomnie bei Burnout mit Schlafstörungen sowie generell die Reduktion des arbeitsplatzbezogenen Stressniveaus durch konkrete kurzfristige und langfristige Strategien empfohlen.

Abstract

Work-related stress, as a potential cause of burnout, can lead to higher cognitive and emotional hyperarousal, which are themselves central elements of the vicious circle model of chronic insomnia. Therefore, the relationship between sleep disorders (e.g., insomnia) and work-related stress or burnout becomes obvious. In this review original studies, dealing with sleep and burnout are summarized and their limitations are discussed. In general, research results indicate a negative cross-sectional relationship between sleep quality and burnout. Although there are a large number of cross-sectional studies in this field, the generalizability of the findings is limited due their focus on health-related professions. In contrast, the findings of the few longitudinal studies are very heterogeneous. Therefore, it remains an open question whether insufficient sleep quality or sleep disorders might predict burnout or vice versa. In sum, previous findings indicate a significant relationship between sleep quality and burnout, which should be considered in therapeutic settings. Besides psychoeducative interventions, cognitive behavioral therapy of insomnia in the case of burnout with sleep disorder and a general reduction of work-related stress by short- and long-term strategies are recommended.

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Danksagung

Wir danken unseren Praktikant*innen Juliane Riedel, Lena Dittmann und Elias Bopp für die Unterstützung in der Literaturrecherche und dem Erstellen der Tabellen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Professur für Biopsychologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Andreas Schubert Bau, Dresden, Deutschland

    N. Rothe

  2. Zentrum für interdisziplinäre Schlafmedizin, DKD HELIOS Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Deutschland

    M. Specht

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Correspondence to M. Specht.

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N. Rothe und M. Specht geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Rothe, N., Specht, M. Schlaf und Burnout: Ein Überblick. Somnologie 25, 186–196 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-021-00318-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-021-00318-4

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