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Arbeitsverhalten und Schlaf

Der Einfluss des Arbeitsverhaltens auf das Schlafverhalten, die empfundene Selbstwirksamkeit und klinische Symptome

Work patterns and sleep

The impact of work patterns on sleep behavior, self-efficacy, and clinical symptoms

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Arbeitsstress ist für die Entwicklung psychischer Störungen mitverantwortlich. Da das eigene Arbeitsverhalten das Erleben von Arbeitsstress beeinflusst, könnte es sich auf die Entstehung von Stress und damit auch von Schlafproblemen und psychischen Problemen auswirken. Faktoren wie die Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung könnten ebenfalls eine Rolle spielen.

Ziel und Methode

Zur Untersuchung der Zusammenhänge zwischen arbeitsrelevanten Verhaltensweisen und der Schlafzeit, der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung sowie depressiven Symptomen/Angst wurden die Muster G und B des AVEM (Arbeitsbezogene Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster) betrachtet. Das Muster G entspricht „gesunden“ bzw. positiven arbeitsbezogenen Verhaltensweisen, das Muster B dem Burn-out-Konzept sowie negativen arbeitsbezogenen Verhaltensweisen.

Ergebnisse

Von 231 Teilnehmern erfüllten 83 die AVEM-Muster G oder B. Erwachsene mit Muster G gaben mehr Gesamtschlaf, eine höhere Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung und weniger Depressionssymptome bzw. Ängste an als Menschen, die das Muster B erfüllten. Eine geringere Gesamtschlafdauer und eine geringere Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung begünstigen Symptome der Depression und der Angst. Die Schlafdauer stellt sich als Mediator zwischen der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung und den Depressions- und Angstsymptomen dar. Eine geringe Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung hat einen negativen Einfluss auf die durchschnittliche Schlafzeit.

Diskussion

Die Studie bestätigt, dass „gesünderes“ Arbeitsverhalten mit weniger psychischen Symptomen einhergeht. Daraus lassen sich Implikationen für Arbeitgeber und Arbeitnehmer ableiten. Entsprechende Aspekte sollten bei der Weiterentwicklung von Therapiekonzepten für berufstätige Insomniepatienten gegebenenfalls berücksichtigt und inkludiert werden.

Abstract

Background

Research has shown that work-related distress can promote the development of mental disorders. Experiencing this kind of distress might also influence a person’s work pattern and this pattern might then support the presence of mental disorders. Other factors like sleep behavior or perceived self-efficacy may also play an important role in developing a mental disorder.

Objectives and Method

This study aimed to examine the connection between work patterns, average number of hours of sleep, self-efficacy, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Therefore, patterns G and B of the work-related behavior and experience patterns (Arbeitsbezogene Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster, AVEM) were considered. Pattern G is linked to a healthy and positive work-related behavior (e. g., being distanced to work despite a high level of work engagement), whereas pattern B is connected to the concept of burnout as well as negative work-related behavior (e. g., not being able to distance oneself from work at the end of work).

Results

Out of 231 participants, 83 were attributed to either pattern G or B of the short-version of the AVEM (AVEM-44). Participants with pattern G reported more hours of sleep, a higher level of perceived self-efficacy and fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety than those with pattern B. Furthermore, a lower level of self-efficacy led to fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as a lower average number of hours of sleep. Those decreased hours of sleep were also emphasized as a predictor for the presence of depressive and anxious symptoms. Finally, the relation between self-efficacy and symptoms of depression and anxiety was mediated by the hours slept.

Discussion

Our results confirm that healthy work-related behavior is not only associated with fewer psychological symptoms (anxiety, depression) but rather with a higher level of self-efficacy and more hours of sleep. From this relation, implications for employers can be derived.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fakultät für Psychologie und Sportwissenschaften, Abteilung für Psychologie, Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Deutschland

    Angelika Schlarb & Jasmin Faber

  2. Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Abteilung für Psychologie, Universität Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland

    Angelika Schlarb, Uwe Lutchen & Tobias Brenner

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  1. Angelika Schlarb
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  2. Uwe Lutchen
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  3. Tobias Brenner
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  4. Jasmin Faber
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Correspondence to Angelika Schlarb.

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Interessenkonflikt

A. Schlarb, U. Lutchen, T. Brenner und J. Faber geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Alle beschriebenen Untersuchungen am Menschen wurden mit Zustimmung der zuständigen Ethik-Kommission, im Einklang mit nationalem Recht sowie gemäß der Deklaration von Helsinki von 1975 (in der aktuellen, überarbeiteten Fassung) durchgeführt. Von allen beteiligten Patienten liegt eine Einverständniserklärung vor.

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Schlarb, A., Lutchen, U., Brenner, T. et al. Arbeitsverhalten und Schlaf. Somnologie 22, 10–17 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-017-0135-3

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