Abstract
The relationship between insomnia and other mental disorders is still not fully understood. Yet, symptoms of insomnia are frequently observed in patients with other mental disorders and often precede the onset of other conditions. In some cases, symptoms of insomnia persist even after the successful treatment of other mental disorders. This observation has led to the assumption that the successful treatment of insomnia may prevent the future onset of other mental disorders. Since then, a considerable number of studies have lent further credibility to that hypothesis. This article reviews recent studies that shed further light on this issue with regard to depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia and alcohol dependence. While no studies have investigated whether cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) can prevent the future onset of mental disorders, there is evidence of a positive effect of CBT-I on a number of disorders. There is strong evidence of a positive effect of CBT-I on depression and anxiety disorders suggesting apreventive effect of CBT-I on these. Conversely, the current evidence does not suggest that CBT-I might prevent the onset of PTSD. Finally, research regarding the impact of CBT-I on schizophrenia and alcohol dependence is still at an early stage, and firm conclusions cannot yet be drawn.
Zusammenfassung
Der Zusammenhang zwischen Insomnie und anderen psychischen Störungen ist noch nicht vollständig geklärt. Jedoch lassen sich Insomniesymptome häufig bei Patienten mit anderen psychischen Störungen beobachten und gehen diesen oft voraus. In einigen Fällen bestehen Insomniesymptome auch über die erfolgreiche Behandlung anderer psychischer Störungen hinaus. Aus dieser Beobachtung wurde geschlussfolgert, dass die erfolgreiche Behandlung von Insomnie das Auftreten anderer psychischer Störungen verhindern kann. Seitdem hat eine ganze Reihe von Studien die Plausibilität dieser Annahme untermauert. Diese Überblicksarbeit widmet sich jüngeren Studien zu depressiven Störungen, Angststörungen, post-traumatischen Belastungsstörungen, Schizophrenie und Alkoholabhängigkeit, die dazu geeignet sind, diese Thematik zu erhellen. Auch wenn bislang in keiner Studie untersucht wurde, ob Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Insomnie (KVT-I) das Auftreten anderer psychischer Störungen tatsächlich verhindern kann, so gibt es doch Hinweise auf eine positive Wirkung von KVT-I bei einer ganzen Reihe von weiteren psychischen Störungen. Bisherige Ergebnisse weisen deutlich auf eine positive Wirkung von KVT-I bei depressiven Störungen und Angststörungen hin und legen daher eine vorbeugende Wirkung von KVT-I bezüglich dieser Störungen nahe. Andererseits gibt es Hinweise darauf, dass KVT-I keine vorbeugende Wirkung bei post-traumatischen Belastungsstörungen hat. Der Forschungsstand bezüglich der Wirksamkeit von KVT-I bei Schizophrenie und Alkoholabhängigkeit erlaubt bislang keine belastbaren Schlussfolgerungen.
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Acknowledgement
This research was supported by a grant from the ‘Competence Centre for the Prevention of Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Disorders at the Workplace and in Vocational Training’ funded by the Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts Baden-Württemberg.
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D. Riemann has received honoraria from AbbVie which is not related to this research. A. Johann, C. Baglioni, E. Hertenstein, and K. Spiegelhalder have no conflict of interest.
This article does not involve studies on humans or animals.
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Johann, A., Baglioni, C., Hertenstein, E. et al. Prävention psychischer Störungen durch kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Insomnie. Somnologie 19, 88–92 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-015-0008-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-015-0008-6