Zusammenfassung
Die bisherigen Untersuchungen zur Genese von insomnischen Schlafstörungen gehen im Wesentlichen von einem Pathogenese-orientierten Ansatz aus. Konzepte wie die Salutogenese und Resilienzforschung versuchen, zur Pathogenese komplementäre Aspekte im Sinne einer Förderung oder eines Erhalts von Gesundheit zu erfassen. Mittlerweile gibt es auch eine allerdings überschaubare Anzahl von Publikationen zur Frage, wie guter Schlaf erhalten werden kann beziehungsweise welche Faktoren als protektiv gegen eine Verschlechterung des Schlafes wirken. Es kann relativ sicher davon ausgegangen werden, dass sowohl kurzfristige körperliche Aktivität als auch regelmäßig durchgeführter Ausdauersport wie auch ein hoher Grad an Achtsamkeit, als ein intrapsychischer Faktor, einen protektiven Wirkfaktor für den Erhalt guten Schlafes darstellen. Relativ sicher wirken sich auch eine familiäre Unterstützung und ebenfalls eine über die Familie hinausgehende soziale Unterstützung günstig auf den Schlaf aus. Aufgrund der hinsichtlich anderer intrapsychischer Faktoren noch nicht zufriedenstellenden Datenlage können Optimismus und der Grad an verspürter Dankbarkeit nur als möglicherweise protektiv für den Erhalt guten Schlafes eingestuft werden. Die referierten Arbeiten ermöglichen die Entwicklung einer erweiterten Sichtweise der Genese von Schlafstörungen, aber insbesondere auch von Möglichkeiten, den Erhalt bisher guten Schlafes zu fördern.
Abstract
Hitherto existing studies concerning the mechanisms involved in the development of insomniac sleep disturbance are mainly pathogenesis oriented. Concepts like salutogenesis and resilience try to incorporate the complementary aspects of how health can be promoted or maintained. Meanwhile there exist a limited number of publications concerning the question as to how good sleep can be maintained and which factors may provide protection against deterioration of sleep.
As a rather intra-psychic stance acute and regular exercise, as well as a high degree of mindfulness, have quite convincingly been shown to be of protective value for maintaining good sleep. Additionally, family support and social support beyond the family quite certainly appear to have positive effects on sleep. Due to very sparse data concerning other potentially protective intra-psychic factors optimism and gratitude can only be considered as possibly supportive for maintaining good sleep. The reported studies offer a broadened understanding of the development of sleep disturbance and especially give us opportunity to find ways to strengthen the maintenance of good sleep.
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Die Autoren S. Cohrs, M. Goerke und R. Schlack erklären, dass keine Interessenkonflikte bestehen.
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Cohrs, S., Goerke, M. & Schlack, R. Schutzfaktoren für den Erhalt guten Schlafes. Somnologie 19, 98–104 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-015-0007-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-015-0007-7