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Tiermodelle der REM-Schlaf-Verhaltensstörung

Stärken, Schwächen und zukünftige Anforderungen

Animal models of REM sleep behaviour disorder

Strengths, weaknesses and future requirements

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Zusammenfassung

Die REM-Schlaf-Verhaltensstörung (engl. REM sleep behavior disorder, RBD) gilt als spezifischster Prädiktor für das spätere Auftreten von neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen vom Typ der α-Synukleinopathien. Kennzeichen dieser Störung ist insbesondere die abnorme Muskelaktivität im REM-Schlaf. Obwohl sich mehr und mehr Hinweise auf eine Lewy-Körper-Pathologie ergeben, sind die zugrundeliegenden ätiopathologischen Mechanismen dieser Störung weitgehend unbekannt. Anhand von Tiermodellen konnten die an der Regulation des physiologischen REM-Schlafs und der damit assoziierten Atonie beteiligten Mechanismen charakterisiert werden.

In dieser Arbeit wird ein Überblick über die bisher etablierten Tiermodelle für die REM-Schlaf-Verhaltensstörung in den Spezies Affe, Katze, Ratte und Maus präsentiert, anhand derer sich Rückschlüsse auf die beim Patienten mit RBD geschädigten Hirnareale ziehen lassen.

Ziel zukünftiger Modelle sollte es sein, die für die RBD ursächlichen Pathomechanismen noch besser abzubilden. In einem ersten Schritt wurden daher etablierte toxinbasierte und genetische Tiermodelle für α-Synukleinopathien im Hinblick auf einen möglichen RBD-Phänotyp untersucht. In dieser Analyse zeigte sich, dass ein großer Bedarf an neuen Modellen besteht, die RBD im Kontext einer neurodegenerativen Störung darstellen.

Abstract

REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is considered the most specific predictor of neurodegenerative disorders of the alpha synucleinopathy type. It is characterized by increased muscle tone during REM sleep, in particular.

There is more and more evidence suggesting a Lewy body pathology causing the characteristic behaviour. However, the aetiopathology underlying the disorder still remains unclear.

Animal models give insights into the mechanisms regulating physiological REM sleep and REM-associated atonia. We provide an overview of animal models of RBD in cat, rat and mouse, from which we can draw conclusions of the brain regions affected in RBD.

Ideally, future animal models should be able to model the underlying pathomechanism of the condition. In an initial step, we review current toxin-based and genetic animal models for alpha synucleinopathies with regards to an RBD-like phenotype. This analysis demonstrates that new animal models for RBD, particularly within the context of neurodegenerative disorders, are required.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

MK wurde in der Vergangenheit durch den Boehringer-Ingelheim Fonds gefördert. CD, JL und WO geben an, dass bzgl. dieses Artikels keine Interessenkonflikte bestehen. Prof. Wolfgang H. Oertel ist Hertie-Senior-Forschungsprofessor der gemeinnützigen Hertie-Stiftung Frankfurt/Main, Deutschland.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Neurologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35043, Marburg, Deutschland

    M. Krenzer, C. Depboylu & W.H. Oertel

  2. Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA

    J. Lu

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  1. M. Krenzer
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  2. C. Depboylu
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Correspondence to M. Krenzer.

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Krenzer, M., Depboylu, C., Lu, J. et al. Tiermodelle der REM-Schlaf-Verhaltensstörung. Somnologie 18, 155–161 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-014-0677-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-014-0677-6

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