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Metabolic profiling and antioxidant properties of hybrid soybeans with different seed coat colors, obtained by crossing β-carotene-enhanced (Glycine max) and wild (Glycine soja) soybeans

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Abstract

We obtained new hybrid soybeans (Hybrid) with different seed coat colors such as green (Hybrid-GR), brown (Hybrid-BR), yellow (Hybrid-YE), and black (Hybrid-BL), by hybridizing β-carotene-enhanced soybeans (BCE; Glycine max L.) containing the phytoene synthase-2A-carotene desaturase gene and wild soybeans (Wild; Glycine soja). This study aimed to analyze metabolic changes between Hybrids using comprehensive metabolite profiling of BCE, Wild, and four Hybrids. The composition and content of metabolites varied based on the type of soybeans. Multivariate and metabolic pathway analyses showed distinct differences among the six soybeans. Hybrid-GR showed accumulation of isoflavones and tocopherols, whereas Hybrid-BL had higher contents of anthocyanins and carotenoids than other Hybrids. The projection to latent structure analysis showed that the most important contributors in enhanced free radical scavenging activity were phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins and flavonoids and isoprenoids such as carotenoids, tocopherols, and phytosterols, assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2´-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays, respectively. Based on these results, Hybrid-GR and Hybrid-BL comprising significant quantities of functional compounds such as isoflavones, carotenoids, and anthocyanins are proposed as new breeding candidates.

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Abbreviations

ABTS:

2,2´-Azino-bis(3-thylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)

BCE:

β-Carotene-enhanced soybeans

DPPH:

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

GC–TOF-MS:

Gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry

GC–qMS:

Gas chromatography–quadrupole mass spectrometry

GM:

Genetically modified

HCA:

Hierarchical cluster analysis

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

Hybrid:

Hybrid soybeans

Hybrid-GR:

Hybrid soybeans with green seed coat

Hybrid-BL:

Hybrid soybeans with black seed coat

Hybrid-BR:

Hybrid soybeans with brown seed coat

Hybrid-YE:

Hybrid soybeans with yellow seed coat

MOX:

Methoxyamine hydrochloride

MSTFA:

N-Methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide

PCA:

Principal component analysis

UV:

Unit variance

Wild:

Wild soybeans

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Funding

This work was carried out with the support of "Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development (Project No. PJ016726)" and “Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (Project No. PJ015671)” Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

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Author notes

  1. Jung Won Jung and Sung-Dug Oh contributed equally to this study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea

    Jung Won Jung & Jae Kwang Kim

  2. National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, 55365, Republic of Korea

    Sung-Dug Oh, Soo-Yun Park, Yejin Jang, Seong-Kon Lee & Doh-Won Yun

  3. Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju, 54875, Republic of Korea

    Ancheol Chang

  4. Department of Crop Science and Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea

    Sang Un Park

  5. Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea

    Sun-Hwa Ha

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  1. Jung Won Jung
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Correspondence to Sun-Hwa Ha or Jae Kwang Kim.

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Jung, J.W., Oh, SD., Park, SY. et al. Metabolic profiling and antioxidant properties of hybrid soybeans with different seed coat colors, obtained by crossing β-carotene-enhanced (Glycine max) and wild (Glycine soja) soybeans. Plant Biotechnol Rep 16, 449–463 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-022-00759-9

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