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Effective interfacially polymerized polyarylester solvent resistant nanofiltration membrane from liquefied walnut shell

  • Separation Technology, Thermodynamics
  • Published:
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Walnut shell, an agricultural waste, has not been efficiently utilized so far. In this paper, walnut shell was liquefied first, followed by characterization of XPS and ATR-FTIR. It is shown that syringylphenol and guaiacylphenol are contained in the walnut shell. A novel organic solvent resistant nanofiltration (OSN) membrane was prepared by liquefied walnut shell (LWP) and trimethyl chloride (TMC) on the crosslinked polyetherimide substrate via interfacial polymerization method. The results showed that LWP and TMC formed polyarylester toplayer. The NF-2LWP membrane maintained stable N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) permeance of 2.2 L m−2 h−1 MPa−1 and rejection of 98% for crystal violet (CV, 407.98 g mol−1) in 36 hours continuous separation process. Furthermore, guaiacol (GA), a component of LWP, was used to prepare an OSN membrane, Compared with NF-LWP membrane, NF-GA membrane shows good performance in the separation of tetrahydrofuran (THF) with the rejection of 96% for rose bengal (RB, 1,017.64 g mol−1) and the permeance of 76 L m−2 h−1 MPa−1. This study not only provides a good way for the efficient recycling of walnut shell, but also provides a new component for the preparation of polyarylester OSN membrane.

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Abbreviations

NF:

nanofiltration

LWP:

liquefied walnut shell

TMC:

trimethyl chloride

AFM:

atomic force microscopy

ATR-IR:

attenuated total reflectance-infrared spectroscopy

DMF:

N, N-dimethylformamide

DLS:

dynamic light scattering

PEG:

polyethylene glycol

GA:

guaiacol

THF:

tetrahydrofuran

SEM:

scanning electron microscopy

rb:

rose bengal

dmso:

dimethyl sulfoxide

LWP-TMC:

the membrane prepared with LWP and TMC

GA-TMC:

the membrane prepared with GA and TMC

A:

membrane effective area [cm2]

C p :

the concentrations of the permeated solution [kmol/kg]

C f :

the concentrations of the feed solution [kmol/kg]

FFV:

membrane fraction free volume [-]

I:

the calculated intensity ratio of peaks [-]

n:

an integer number [-]

P:

permeance of the membrane [L m−2 h−1 MPa−1]

t:

the time interval [h]

R:

The rejection (R) of the membrane [-]

dp:

pore size in diameter [nm]

Mw:

molecular weight cut-off [kg/kmol]

Wavenumber:

the spectrum parameter [cm−1]

RMS:

the root mean square [nm]

Volume:

Volume distribution data [percent]

Z-Average:

size distribution by dynamic light scattering [nm]

θ:

the static water contact angle [°]

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program. Grant Number: 202010377024. The authors would like to thank Ze Yan for critically reviewing the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, China

    Ayang Zhou, Ying Wang & Mengying Li

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China

    Dandan Cheng

  3. Huaibei Leike Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Huaibei, China

    Lei Wang

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  1. Ayang Zhou
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Correspondence to Ayang Zhou.

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The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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CRediT Authorship Contribution Statement

Ayang Zhou: Conceptualization, Resources, Writing, Supervision. Ying Wang: Software, Dandan Cheng: Formal analysis, Mengying Li: Methodology, Lei Wang.: review & editing.

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Zhou, A., Wang, Y., Cheng, D. et al. Effective interfacially polymerized polyarylester solvent resistant nanofiltration membrane from liquefied walnut shell. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 39, 1566–1575 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-1048-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-1048-1

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