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Studies on synthesis of lactic acid and xanthan gum from cheese whey permeate in two phase and three phase moving bed biofilm reactors

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Abstract

The performance characteristics of moving-bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) have been analyzed both mathematically and experimentally. Both two phase operation (lactic acid synthesis from cheese-whey permeate) and three phase operation (Xanthan gum production) in both batch and continuous flow reactors have been studied. Mathematical simulation was performed considering the heterogeneous nature of the system with appropriately defined effectiveness factor being incorporated to account for resistance to substrate transfer into biofilm. The flow reactors were modeled based on the tanks-in-series approach. The mathematical models (software packages) developed were adequately verified by comparing with experimental data. The interesting performance features of these reactors have been highlighted and the dependence of reactor performance on key system/operating parameters such as batch time/space time, catalyst loading and catalyst size has been well-illustrated. The limitation that these bioreactors are best suited mainly for small capacity installations has also been indicated.

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The authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The authors also have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.

Abbreviations

C S :

substrate concentration in liquid [g L−1]

C Se :

substrate concentration in product solution [g L−1]

C S0 :

substrate concentration in feed solution [g L−1]

dP :

diameter of support particle [m]

dPm :

diameter of particle-biofilm aggregate [m]

D:

diameter of reactor vessel [m]

Da :

diameter of impeller [m]

De :

effective diffusivity of substrate into biofilm [m2s−1]

f:

volume fraction of biofilm in particle-biofilm aggregate [m2 m−3]

KC :

contois kinetic constant, dimensionless

KS :

monod kinetic constant [g L−1]

L*:

characteristic dimension of particle-biofilm aggregate [m]

n:

speed of impeller [s−1]

PgL :

agitator power consumption for a gassed liquid [J s−1]

PgLS :

agitator power consumption for three phase (gas-liquid-solid) system [J s−1]

PL :

agitator power consumption for an ungassed liquid [J s−1]

Qg :

volume flow rate of gas (air) [m3s−1]

Qo :

volume flow rate of feed solution [m3s−1]

(− rs)(int):

intrinsic rate of bioconversion [g L−1 s−1]

Rem :

mixing Reynolds number, dimensionless

Ug :

average superficial velocity of gas [m s−1]

V:

V reactor volume [m3]

x:

cell mass concentration [g L−1]

Xf :

biomass (cell mass) concentration in biofilm [g L−1]

X:

mass fraction of solids (particle — biofilm aggregates) in the reaction mixture

Y:

overall yield coefficient for cell mass production [g g−1]

α :

fractional conversion of substrate, dimensionless

β :

parameter defined in Eq. (14) and in Eq. (33), dimensionless

δ :

biofilm thickness [m]

ε :

volume fraction of particle — biofilm aggregates in the reaction mixture, dimensionless

ε g :

fractional gas holdup in reaction mixture, dimensionless

η :

effectiveness factor, dimensionless

μ L :

liquid viscosity [kg m−1s−1]

μ m :

maximum specific growth rate [s−1]

ρ L :

liquid density[kg m−3]

ρ m :

density of microbial solution [kg m−3]

ρ s :

density of support particle [kg m−3]

ρS m :

density of particle — biofilm aggregate [kg m−3]

τ :

space time; batch time [s]

Ø:

Thiele-type modulus, dimensionless

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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. No funding has been received from any registered agency.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, 713209, India

    C. M. Narayanan

  2. Bangalore, India

    Vikas Narayan

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  1. C. M. Narayanan
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  2. Vikas Narayan
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Correspondence to C. M. Narayanan.

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Narayanan, C.M., Narayan, V. Studies on synthesis of lactic acid and xanthan gum from cheese whey permeate in two phase and three phase moving bed biofilm reactors. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 38, 1888–1902 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0821-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-021-0821-5

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