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Kinetic study on the reaction of palmitic acid with ethanol catalyzed by deep eutectic solvent based on dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride

  • Catalysis, Reaction Engineering
  • Published:
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Abstract

This study explored the direct esterification of palmitic acid and ethanol using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) as catalyst to produce biodiesel. Three novel deep eutectic solvents (DTAC-PTSA, DTAC-2PTSA, DTAC-3PTSA) were successfully prepared by mixing dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC) and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (PTSA) in a molar ratio of 1: z (z=1, 2, 3). After testing, DTAC-3PTSA was found to have the best catalytic performance among the three types of DESs and was therefore selected as the catalyst for subsequent experiments. The effects of agitation speed, ethanol to palmitic acid molar ratio (α), temperature and catalyst dosage were studied by investigating the change of palmitic acid conversion rate with time under different conditions, respectively. Then, the pseudo-homogeneous (PH) model was utilized to describe the kinetic behavior of this reaction between 328.15–348.15 K and it was found to work well for the experimental data obtained. Moreover, the catalytic performance of DTAC-3PTSA was detected to have no significant change in the cycle test. Therefore, DTAC-3PTSA can be considered as a substitute for traditional catalysts to produce biodiesel and the kinetic data obtained here can be used for further up-scaling study.

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Abbreviations

Ke :

equilibrium constant

ai :

activity of component i

ri :

reaction rate [mol min−1]

Mcat :

catalyst dosage [kg/kg]

γ i :

activity coefficient of component i

ki :

reaction rate constant [mol min−1]

Xi :

mole fraction of component i

SRS:

minimum sum of residual squares

α:

initial molar ratio of ethanol to palmitic acid

T:

Temperature [K]

Eai :

activation energy [kJ mol−1]

ΔrG0 :

Gibbs free energy [kJ mol−1]

ΔrS0 :

reaction entropy [J mol−1 K−1]

ΔrH0 :

reaction enthalpy [kJ mol−1]

DTAC:

dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride

PTSA:

p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate

z:

the number of moles of PTSA relative to per 1 mole of DTAC

DES:

deep eutectic solvent

R2 :

linear regression coefficient

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China

    Shan Jiang, Zuoxiang Zeng, Weilan Xue, Wei Zhang & Zhiyuan Zhou

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  1. Shan Jiang
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  2. Zuoxiang Zeng
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  3. Weilan Xue
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Correspondence to Zuoxiang Zeng.

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Jiang, S., Zeng, Z., Xue, W. et al. Kinetic study on the reaction of palmitic acid with ethanol catalyzed by deep eutectic solvent based on dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 37, 1482–1489 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-020-0557-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-020-0557-7

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