Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A strategy of precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO3) fillers for enhancing the mechanical properties of polypropylene polymers

  • Review Paper
  • Published:
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A wide variety of fillers are currently used in more than twenty types of polymer resins, although four of them alone (polypropylene, polyamides, thermoplastic polyesters, and polyvinyl chloride) account for 90% of the market of mineral fillers in plastics. Polypropylene (PP) and PVC dominate the market for calcium carbonate. PP is a versatile reinforcement material that can meet engineering and structural specifications and is widely used for automotive components, home appliances, and industrial applications. Talc, mica, clay, kaolin, wollastonite, calcium carbonates, feldspar, aluminum hydroxide, glass fibers, and natural fibers are commonly used in fillers. Among these, calcium carbonate (both natural and synthetic) is the most abundant and affords the possibility of improved surface finishing, control over the manufacture of products, and increased electric resistance and impact resistance. Meeting the global challenge to reduce the weight of vehicles by using plastics is a significant issue. The current the global plastic and automobile industry cannot survive without fillers, additives, and reinforcements. Polypropylene is a major component of the modern plastic industry, and currently is used in dashboards, wheel covers, and some engine parts in automobiles. This article reports that the use of calcium carbonate fillers with polypropylene is the best choice to enhance the mechanical properties of plastic parts used in automobiles.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J. Aizenberg, J. Hanson, M. Ilan, L. Leiserowitz, T.F. Koetzle, L. Addadi and S. Weiner, Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Bio. J., 9, 262 (1995).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Ukrainczyk, J. Kontrec, V. Babić-Ivančić, L. Brecevic and D. Kralj, Pow. Technol., 171, 192 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. J. Kontrec, M. Ukrainczyk, V. Babić-Ivančić, L. Brecevic and D. Kralj, Croa. Chim. Act., 84, 25 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. J.W. Ahn, J. H. Kim and S. J. Co, WO2007/078017 A1, July 12 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  5. S.D. Skapin and I. Sondi, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 347, 221 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Pavel Fellner, Jana Jurisova and Ladislav Pach, Acta Chim. Slov., 4, 3 (2011).

    Google Scholar 

  7. P. Fellner, J. Jurisova, J. Kozankova and L. Pach, Acta Chim. Slov., 5, 5 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  8. R. Beck and J.P. Andreassen, Ame. Ins. Chem. Eng. J., 58, 107 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. J. Jiang, Y. Zhang, X. Yang, X. He, X. Tang and J. Liu, Adv. Pow. Technol., 25, 615 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. S.M. El-Sheikh, S. El-Sherbiny, A. Barhoum and Y. Deng, Colloids Surf., A: Phys. Eng. Asp., 422, 44 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. E. Dalas, P. Klepetsanis and P. G. Koutsoukos, Langmuir, 15, 8322 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. B. Cheng, M. Lei, J. Yu and X. Zhao, Mater. Lett., 58, 1565 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Z. Yao, M. Xia, H. Li, T. Chen, Y. Ye and H. Zheng, Crit. Rev. Env. Sci. and Technol., 44, 2502 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. P. Stratton, An overview of the North American Calcium Carbonate Market, Roskill Information Services Ltd., October, 1 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  15. J.W. Ahn, H.S. Kim, H. Kim, S.H. Yoon, J.S. Kim and G.W. Sung, J. Ceram. Pro. Res., 3, 62 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  16. J.W. Ahn, J. H. Kim and H. S. Park, WO 2007/078018 A1, July 12.

  17. J. K. Park, H. S. Park, J.W. Ahn, H. Kim and C. H. Park, J. Korean Cry. Gro Cry Tech., 14, 110 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Seasonal Fluctuation of Atmospheric CO2, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), http://co2now.org/Current-CO2/CO2-Trend/seasonal fluctuation-of-atmospheric-co2.html. (2015).

    Google Scholar 

  19. CO2 Emissions Performance of Car Manufacturers in 2011, European Environment Agency Report, 1 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  20. European vehicle market statistics pocket book, The International Council on Clean Transportation., 1 (2014).

    Google Scholar 

  21. D. Weill, G. Klink, L. Besland and G. Rouilloux, Plastics. The future for Automakers and Chemical Companies, AT Kearney, 1 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  22. L. Burelle, 2012 Financial Results, Plastic Omnium, 1 (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  23. P. Viswanathan, Petrochemical Market Trends and Opportunities for South Asia, http://www.petrochemconclave.com/presentation/2013/Ms.PViswanathan.pdf (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Automotive plastics market for passenger cars, by type (Polypropylene, Polyurethrane, HDPE, ABS, Polycarbonate & Composites), application (Interior, Exterior & Under Bonnet) & Geography-Trends and Forecasts to 2018, markets and markets.com (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  25. J. Richardson, Market Outlook: Polymers World Turned on Its Head (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hetain Mistry, India to outweigh Chinese polyolefin/polypropylene demand growth over the next years, September 2014, 1 (2014).

    Google Scholar 

  27. P. Callais, Outlook for PE and PP Resins, Townsend Solutions Presentation (2011).

    Google Scholar 

  28. S. Rana, J.K. Parikh and P. Mohanty, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 30, 626 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. O. Wolf, C. Delgado, L. Barruetabena and O. Salas, Assessment of the Environmental Advantages and Drawbacks of Existing and emerging Polymers Recovery Processes, JRC Scientific and Technical Reports (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Satoru Moritomi, Tsuyoshi Watanabe and Susumu Kanzaki, R&D report, Sumi. Kag., 2010-1, 1 (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  31. P. Pandey, S. Mohanty and S. K. Nayak, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 31, 1480 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. J. M. Adams, Clay Min., 28, 509 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. P. Dahal, J. H. Kim and Y. C. Kim, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 31, 1 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Carbital™ 110 and Carbital™ 120 in Polypropylene, Technical Information Plastics (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  35. M. Gahleitner, C. Grein and K. Bernreitner, Eur. Polym. J., 48, 49 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Y. Lin, H. Chen, C.M. Chan and J. Wu, Eur. Polym. J., 47, 294 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. P. Rungruang, B. P. Grady and P. Supaphol, Colloids Surf., A.: Phy. and Eng. Asp., 275, 114 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. H. Yuang, C. Guangmei, Y. Zhen, L. Hongwu and W. Yong, Eur. Poly. J., 41, 2753 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. M. Avella, S. Cosco, M.L. Di Lorenzo, E. Di Pace, M.E. Errico and G. Gentile, Eur. Polym. J., 42, 1548 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. S. Mishra, S. H. Sonawane and R. P. Singh, J. Poly. Sci: Part B: Poly. Phys., 43, 107 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. C.M. Chan, J. Wu, J.X. Li and Y.K. Cheung, Polymer, 43, 2981 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. O. Durcova, P. Michlik and L. Knotek, Polym. Test., 8, 269 (1989).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. A. Tabtiang and R. Venables, Eur. Poly. J., 36, 137 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. M. C. G. Rocha, A. H. M. F.T. Silva, F. M. B. Coutinho and A. N. Silva, Polym. Test., 24, 1049 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. P. Etelaaho, S. Haveri and P. Jarvela, Poly. Compo., 32, 464 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. J. Zhang, B. Han, N. Zhou, J. Fang, J. Wu, Z. Ma, H. Mo and J. Shen, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 119, 3560 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. M. R. Meng and Q. Dou, J. Mac. Sci., Part B: Phy., 48, 213 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. W. C. J. Zuiderduin, C. Westzaan, J. Huetink and R. J. Gaymans, Polymer, 44, 261 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. J. Biswas, H. Kim and S. Choe, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 99, 2627 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. P. Supaphol, W. Harnsiri and J. Junkasem, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 92, 201 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. J. Biswas, H. Kim, B. H. Lee and S. Choe, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 109, 1420 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Y. S. Thio, A. S. Agon, R. E. Cohen and M. Weinberg, Polymer, 43, 3661 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. K. Yang, Q. Yang, G. Li, Y. Zhang and P. Zhang, Polym. Eng. and Sci., 47, 95 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. B. Cioni and A. Lazzeri, Compo. Int., 17, 533 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Tran Dai Lam, Tran Vinh Hoang, Duong Tuan Quang and Jong Seung Kim, Mater. Sci. Eng., 501, 87 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. D. M. Ansari and G. J. Price, J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 88, 1951 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. D. Eiras and L. A. Pessan, Mater. Res., 12, 517 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Z. Yao, L. Ge, X. Ji, J. Tang, M. Xia and Y. Xi, J. Alloys Comp., 621, 389 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Z. Yao, M. Xia, L. Ge, T. Chen, H. Li, Y. Ye and H. Zheng, Fib. and Polym., 15, 1278 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Z.T. Yao, T. Chen, H.Y. Li, M. S. Xia, Y. Ye and H. Zheng, J. Hazat. Mater., 262, 212 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. M. Xia, Z. Yao, L. Ge, T. Chen and H. Li, J. Comp. Mater., 28, 1 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. E. Dalas, E. Kallitsis and P. G. Koutsoukos, J. Cry. Grow., 89, 287 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. H. Konno, Y. Nanri and M. Kitamura, Pow. Technol., 123, 33 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. E. He, W. Shang and S. Chen, In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, 1, 431 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  65. F. Mustata, N. Tudorachi and D. Rosu, Compo. Part B., 43, 702 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Tran Dai Lam, Tran Vinh Hoang, Duong Tuan Quang and Jong Seung Kim, Mater. Sci. Eng., 501, 87 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. D. M. Ansari and G. J. Price, J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 88, 1951 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. S. J. Day, S.P. Thompson, J.E. Parker and Aneurin Evans, Astro. Astro., A&A 553, A 68, 1 (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  69. S. Gopi, V.K. Subramanian and K. Palanisamy, Mater. Res. Bul., 48, 1906 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. S. P. Thompson, J. E. Parker, S.R. Street and C. C. Tang, Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics Conference (CMMP10)), 286, 012030 (2011).

    Google Scholar 

  71. S. Gopi and V.K. Subramanian, Ind. J. Chem., 52A, 342 (2013).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Y.Y. Kim, N. B. J. Hetherington, E. H. Noel, R. Kroger, J. M. Charnock, H. K. Christenson and F. C. Meldrum, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 50, 12572 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Yuya Oaki, Ryota Adachi and Hiroaki Imai, Polym. J., 44, 612 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Jiban Saikia and Gopal Das, J. Env. Chem. Eng., 2, 1165 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Lee Kabalah-Amitai, Boaz Mayzel, Yaron Kauffmann, A. N. Fitch, Leonid Bloch, Pupa U. P. A. Gilbert and Boaz Pokroy, Science, 340, 454 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. G. Wolf, E. Königsberger, H. G. Schmidt, L.-C. Königsberger and H. Gamsjäger, J. Ther. Anal and Calori., 60, 463 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. J. Wang and U. Becker, Ame. Miner., 94, 380 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Qiaona Hu, Jiaming Zhang, Henry Teng and U. Becker, Ame. Miner., 97, 1437 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. A. S. Schenk, E. J. Albarracin, Y.-Y. Kim, Johannes Ihli and F.C. Meldrum, Chem. Commun., 50, 4729 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. J.D. Rodriguez-Blanco, S. Shaw and L.G. Benning, Nanoscale, 3, 265 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Giuseppe Falini, Simona Fermani, Michela Reggi, Branka Njegic Dšakula and Damir Kralj, Chem. Commun., 50, 15370 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Amin Azdarpour, Mohammad Asadullah, Erfan Mohammadian, Radzuan Junin, Hossein Hamidi, Muhammad Manan and Ahmad Rafizan Mohamad Daud, Chem. Eng. J., 264, 425 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Raffaella Demichelis, Paolo Raiteri, Julian D. Gale and Roberto Dovesi, Crys. Grow. Des., 13, 2247 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Daria B. Trushina, Tatiana V. Bukreeva, Mikhail V. Kovalchuk and Maria N. Antipina, Mater. Sci. Eng., C 45, 644 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. A. Arizzi, G. Cultrone, M. Brümmer and H. Viles, Cons. Buil. Mater., 75, 375 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Yuki Sugiura, Kazuo Onuma and Atushi Yamazaki, Chem. Lett., 44, 20 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Shinya Yamada, Akiko Yamamoto and Toshihiro Kasuga, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med., 25, 2639 (2014).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Lyu Gyu, Park Sangdae and Sur Gil Soo, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 16, 538 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mineral Processing Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon, 305-350, Korea

    Thriveni Thenepalli & Ji Whan Ahn

  2. Chemical Engineering Department, Kwangwoon University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-050, Korea

    Ahn Young Jun & Choon Han

  3. Hanil Cement, 302, Maepo-ri, Maepo-eup, Danyang-gun, Chungbuk, 395-903, Korea

    Chilakala Ramakrishna

Authors
  1. Thriveni Thenepalli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ahn Young Jun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Choon Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Chilakala Ramakrishna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ji Whan Ahn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ji Whan Ahn.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Thenepalli, T., Jun, A.Y., Han, C. et al. A strategy of precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO3) fillers for enhancing the mechanical properties of polypropylene polymers. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 32, 1009–1022 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-015-0057-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-015-0057-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation