Abstract
To ensure project safety and secure public support, an integrated and comprehensive monitoring program is needed within a carbon capture and storage (CCS) project. Monitoring can be done using many well-established techniques from various fields, and the seismic method proves to be the crucial one. This method is widely used to determine the CO2 distribution, image the plume development, and quantitatively estimate the concentration. Because both the CO2 distribution and the potential migration pathway can be spatially small scale, high resolution for seismic imaging is demanded. However, obtaining a high-resolution image of a subsurface structure in marine settings is difficult. Herein, we introduce the novel Hcable (Harrow-like cable system) technique, which may be applied to offshore CCS monitoring. This technique uses a high-frequency source (the dominant frequency>100 Hz) to generate seismic waves and a combination of a long cable and several short streamers to receive seismic waves. Ultrahigh-frequency seismic images are achieved through the processing of Hcable seismic data. Hcable is then applied in a case study to demonstrate its detailed characterization for small-scale structures. This work reveals that Hcable is a promising tool for time-lapse seismic monitoring of oceanic CCS.
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Funding Supported by the project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City (Grant No: SCKJ-JYRC-2022-14).
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Article Highlights
• Seismic Hcable is introduced to monitor CCS. Compared to the conventional seismic method, it could provide high resolution image of subsurface small-scale structures.
• Seismic Hcable technique uses a high frequency source and a combination of short streamers and a long streamer to acquire data.
• Ultra-small bin data are presented. It has a bin size of 6.25 m×3.125 m, which is a great improvement.
• The gas chimney and mass transport deposit are well characterized by using Hcable technique. This shows the potential of using Hcable to monitoring CCS project.
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Liu, B., Fu, Y. & Wen, P. Hcable for Time-Lapse Seismic Monitoring of Marine Carbon Capture and Storage. J. Marine. Sci. Appl. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-024-00438-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-024-00438-x