Abstract
Compared to a scalar pressure sensor, a vector sensor can provide a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) signal and more detailed information on the sound field. Study on vector sensors and their applications have become a hot topic. Research on the representation of a vector field is highly relevant for extending the scope of vector sensor technology. This paper discusses the range-frequency distribution of the vector field due to a broadband acoustic source moving in a shallow-water waveguide as the self noise of a surface ship, and the vector extension of the waveguide impulse response measured over a limited frequency range using an active source of known waveform. From theory analysis and numerical simulation, the range-frequency representation of a vector field exhibits an interference structure qualitatively similar to that of the corresponding pressure field but, being quantitatively different, provides additional information on the waveguide, especially through the vertical component. For the range-frequency representation, physical quantities that can better exhibit the interference characteristics of the waveguide are the products of pressure and particle velocity and of the pressure and pressure gradient. An image processing method to effectively detect and isolate the individual striations from an interference structure was reviewed briefly. The representation of the vector impulse response was discussed according to two different measurement systems, also known as particle velocity and pressure gradient. The vector impulse response representation can not only provide additional information from pressure only but even more than that of the range-frequency representation.
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Foundation item: Supported by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-07-1-1069, the National Nature Science Foundation of China grant 50979019 and the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (F.R.S. - FNRS).
Qunyan Ren received his undergraduate diploma in Electronic and Information Engineering and a masters degree in Underwater Acoustics Engineering, both from Harbin Engineering University (HEU) in 2006 and 2009, respectively. He is currently a PhD student at the Environmental Hydroacoustics Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Science, Université libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Belgium, in co-tutelle with the National Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Technology, HEU, China, under the co-supervision of Prof. Jean-Pierre Hermand and Prof. Sheng-chun Piao from U.L.B and HEU, respectively. His research interests are underwater sound propagation, signal processing and geoacoustic inversion. His PhD research work focus on the development of passive interferometry technique to process the broadband ship noise field measured by vector sensors for the characterization of shallow water environments.
Jean Pierre Hermand received a Ingénieur Civil degree in electrical and mechanical engineering and a PhD degree in applied sciences from the Université libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Belgium. Currently, he is a professor and research director at U.L.B., where he founded the Environmental Hydroacoustics Laboratory (EHL) in 2001. He coordinates ocean acoustics research and fieldwork in the framework of European and international projects. His current research interests include adjoint modeling and sequential Bayesian filtering for geoacoustic inversion, and the integrated use of active and passive acoustics to remotely sense and characterize very shallow aquatic ocean environments, and in particular, marine habitats and river sediment dynamics.
Dr. Hermand is a fellow of the IEEE and a fellow of the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). He is currently the IEEE Chair of the OES Technical Committee on Ocean Signal and Image Processing. He is a member of the administrative committee of the IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society.
Shengchun Piao received a PhD degree from Harbin Engineering University, China. Currently, he is a professor and research director at the College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering in Harbin Engineering University. His current research interests include underwater sound propagation modeling and ocean acoustics, such as geoacoustic inversion.
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Ren, Q., Hermand, J.P. & Piao, S. The representation of a broadband vector field. J. Marine. Sci. Appl. 10, 495–501 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-011-1097-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-011-1097-7