Abstract
An experimental study and computer simulation on non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation kinetics and the critical time for phosphorus in 12 CrlMoV steel (which is used in steam pipeline of ships) are put forward in this paper. The segregation level of phosphorus with solution temperature 1050°C at the isothermal holding temperature of 540°C, have been measured at grain-boundaries. A non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation kinetics curve of phosphorus is given. The critical time for phosphorus non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation is about 500 h at 540°C for the experimental steel. When the holding time is longer than 1500 h, non-equilibrium segregation disappears and the level of segregation reaches full equilibrium. The simulation using the kinetic equations of non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation is in good accordance with the experimental observation for phosphorus in steel 12Cr1MoV. The non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation kinetic model is therefore proved.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
McMAHON C J. Solute segregation and intergranular fracture in steels: A status report [J]. Mater Sci Eng, 1980, 42: 215–226.
McLEAN D. Grain-Boundaries in Metals [M]. London: Oxford University Press, 1957: 116.
SEAH M P, HONDROS et al. Use of a BET analogue equation to describe grain boundary segregation [J]. Scripta Meterialia, 1973, 7: 735–738.
GUTTMANN M. Equilibrium segregation and precipitation in ternary solutions exhibiting temper embrittlement [J]. Metal Sci, 1976, 10: 337–341.
GUTTMANN M. Equilibrium segregation in a ternary solution: A model for temper embrittlement [J]. Surf Sci, 1975, 53: 213–227.
AUST K T. Lattice defects in quenched metals [M]. New York: Academic Press, 1965: 771.
ANTHONY T R. Solute segregation in vacancy gradients generated by sintering and temperature changes [J]. Acta Metall, 1969, 17: 603–611.
XU T D. Non-equilibrium co-segregation to grain boundary [J]. Scripta Materialia, 1997, 37: 1643–1650.
FAULKNER R G. Non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation in austenitic alloys [J]. Mater Sci, 1981, 16: 373–379.
XU T D. Non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation kinetics [J]. J Mater Sci, 1987, 22: 337–345.
XU T D. The critical time and critical cooling rate of non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation [J]. J Mater Sci Lett, 1988, 7: 241–242.
XU T D. A kinetic model of non-equilibrium grain—boundary segregation [J]. Acta Metall, 1989, 37: 2499–2503.
XU T D, SONG S H, GUS W. A method of determining the diffusion coefficient of vacancy-solute atom complexes during the segregation to grain boundaries [J]. Acta Metall Mater, 1991, 39: 3119–3124.
XU T D. Critical time and temper embrittlement isotherms [J]. Mater Sci Technol, 1999, 15: 659–665.
LI Q F, YANG S L, LI L. Experimental study on non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation Kinetics of phosphorus in industrial steel [J]. Scripta Materialia, 2002, 47: 389–392.
XU T D. Kinetics of non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation [J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2004, 49: 109–208.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 59971042 and No. 50331020), Harbin City Science Foundation for Young Scholars (2004AFQXJ037) and Harbin Engineering University Foundation (HEUF 040135 and 040136).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, L., Qing-fen, L. & Er-bao, L. Experimental observation and computer simulation on non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation kinetics of phosphorus. J Mar. Sc. Appl. 4, 60–64 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-005-0048-6
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-005-0048-6