Abstract
A new retrofitting method is proposed herein for reinforced concrete (RC) structures through attachment of an external structure. The external structure consists of a fiber concrete encased steel frame, connection slab and transverse beams. The external structure is connected to the existing structure through a connection slab and transverse beams. Pseudostatic experiments were carried out on one unretrofitted specimen and three retrofitted frame specimens. The characteristics, including failure mode, crack pattern, hysteresis loops behavior, relationship of strain and displacement of the concrete slab, are demonstrated. The results show that the load carrying capacity is obviously increased, and the extension length of the slab and the number of columns within the external frame are important influence factors on the working performance of the existing structure. In addition, the displacement difference between the existing structure and the outer structure was caused mainly by three factors: shear deformation of the slab, extraction of transverse beams, and drift of the conjunction part between the slab and the existing frame. Furthermore, the total deformation determined by the first two factors accounted for approximately 80% of the damage, therefore these factors should be carefully considered in engineering practice to enhance the effects of this new retrofitting method.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akiyama TY, Kamiya TK and Yamamoto YT et al. (2005), “Experiment Study on Existing Low Concrete Strength Frame Building Retrofitted by Outer Frame with Inner Steel Bracing,” Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual Meeting Architectural Institute of Japan, kinki: 571–578. (in Japanese)
Ash C and Bartoletti S (2009), “Seismic Rehabilitation of an Existing Braced Frame Hospital Building by Direct Replacement with Bucking-restrained Braces,” Proceedings of the ATC&SEI 2009 Conference on Improving the Seismic Performance of Existing Buildings and Other Structures, San Francisco: 68–70.
Cho CG and Kwon M (2004), “Development and Modeling of a Frictional Wall Damper and Its Application in Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures,” Journal of Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 33: 821–838.
Gao XN, Zhou QY and Chen MH (2006), “Theoretical and Experimental Research on Bearing Behavior of RC Beams Strengthened by Bonded Steel Plates,” Journal of China Civil Engineering, 39(8): 38–45. (in Chinese)
Gu LZ, Gao XY and Xu JW et al. (2011), “Experimental Research on Seismic Performance of BRB Concrete Frames,” Journal of Building Structures, 32(7): 100–110. (in Chinese)
Guo J, Liu WQ and Wang SG et al. (2008), “Appling Base Isolated Technology to Enforce the Seismic Resistant of Masonry Structure,” Journal of Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitted, 30(1): 43–47. (in Chinese)
Kitamura HY, Miyagawa WM and Ishii TK et al. (2007), “Earthquake Response of the RC Building with Steel Bracings,” Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual Meeting Architectural Institute of Japan, kyusyu: 569-570. (in Japanese)
Kuramoto HS, Haga RS and Matui TY et al. (2008), “Dynamic Loading Test on RC Frame Externally Retrofitted by CES Frame,” Journal of Structural Engineering of AIJ, 73(630): 1265–1272. (in Japanese)
Melkumian MG (1997), “The Use High Damping Rubber Isolators to Upgrade Earthquake Resistance of Existing Building in Armenia,” Proceedings of the Post-SMIRT Conference on Isolation, Energy Dissipation and Control of Vibration of Structures, Taormina Sicily Italy: 861–867.
Ramirez OM (2002), “Elastic and Inelastic Response of Structures with Damping System,” Journal of Earthquake Spectra, 18(3): 501–530.
Wang SG, Miao QS and Liu JL et al. (2012), “Shaking Table Test of Masonry Structures Strengthened with External Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Walls and with Added Story Isolation,” Journal of Building Structures, 38(11): 99–106. (in Chinese)
William HR and Michael (1997), “Seismic Isolation and Passive Damping the New Zealand Experience,” Proceedings of the Post-SMIRT Conference on Isolation, Energy Dissipation and Control of Vibration of Structures, Taormina Sicily Italy: 25–43.
Wu B, Li H and Lin LY et al. (1998), “Strengthening the Earthquake Resistance of a Building Using Friction Dampers,” Journal of Building Structures, 19(5): 28–36. (in Chinese)
Xu GS, Lin Q and Ding Y et al. (2014), “Shake Table Test of Existing Structure with External Structure Reinforced and Mid-story Isolation Rehabilitation,” Journal of China Civil Engineering, 47(3): 19–25. (in Chinese)
Xue JY, Sui Y and Ge HP et al. (2012a), “Shaking Table Test of Joints Strengthened with CFRP Sheet in Chinese Ancient Timber Structure,” Journal of Building Structures, 33(8): 43–48. (in Chinese)
Xue JY, Zhang FL and Zhao HT et al. (2012b), “Shaking Table Test of an Ancient Timber Structure Strengthened with CFRP,” Journal of China Civil Engineering, 33(8): 43–48. (in Chinese)
Zhou Q, Yan WM and Zhang B (2011), “Experimental Study on Aseismic Behaviors of Chinese Ancient Wooden Structure Strengthened by CFRP Sheets,” Journal of Shandong Jianzhu University, 26(4): 327–333. (in Chinese)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported by: Innovation Team Development Plan of the Chinese Ministry of Education under Grant No. IRT13075, and the Doctor Foundation Program of Shandong Jianzhu University under Grant No. XNBS1202
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, C., Shi, J., Hiroshi, K. et al. Experiment study on RC frame retrofitted by the external structure. Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib. 15, 563–574 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-016-0344-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-016-0344-y