Abstract
In recent decades, the exploration and development of marine oil and gas resources have increased significantly to meet the increasing energy demand of mankind. The Bohai Sea is a semi-closed continental sea that has a weak water exchange capacity and high ecological fragility. However, at present, more than 200 oil platforms have been built in the Bohai Sea, with more than 270 offshore oil pipelines having a length exceeding 1600 km. The oil spill pollution of offshore platforms has a great impact on the marine environment and ecosystems. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of its risks is of great practical significance. This paper systematically constructs a comprehensive oil spill risk assessment model that combines the oil spill risk probability model and the ocean hydrodynamic model. This paper uses the Bohai Sea offshore pipeline as an example to assess its oil spill risk. The high-risk-value areas of the Bohai Sea offshore pipeline are mainly distributed at the bottom of Liaodong Bay, the bottom of Bohai Bay, near the Caofeidian area, and the northern part of the Yellow River Estuary.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arzaghi, E., Abbassi, R., Garaniya, V., Binns, J., and Khan, F., 2018. An ecological risk assessment model for Arctic oil spills from a subsea pipeline. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 135: 1117–1127.
Barreto, F. T. C., Dammann, D. O., Tessarolo, L. F., Skancke, J., Keghouche, I., Innocentini, V., et al., 2021. Comparison of the coupled model for oil spill prediction (CMOP) and the oil spill contingency and response model (OSCAR) during the DeepSpill field experiment. Ocean and Coastal Management, 204: 105552, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OCECOAMAN.2021.105552.
BP Exploration (Caspian Sea) Ltd., 2002. Oil Spill Risk Assessment for Caspian Sea. London, 1–37.
Canu, D. M., Solidoro, C., Bandelj, V., Quattrocchi, G., Sorgente, R., Olita, A., et al., 2015. Assessment of oil slick hazard and risk at vulnerable coastal sites. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 94(1): 84–95.
Chen, C., Liu, H., and Beardsley, R., 2003. An unstructured grid, finite-volume, three-dimensional, primitive equations ocean model: Application to coastal ocean and estuaries. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 20(1): 159–186.
Cucco, A., Sinerchia, M., Ribotti, A., Olita, A., Fazioli, L., Perilli, A., et al., 2012. A high-resolution real-time forecasting system for predicting the fate of oil spills in the Strait of Bonifacio (western Mediterranean Sea). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64(6): 1186–1200.
Det Norske Veritas (DNV), 2011. Assessment of the risk of pollution from marine oil spills in Australian ports and waters. Det Norske Veritas Ltd., London, Report no. PP002916.
Han, L. X., Zhang, L., and Jin, W. L., 2013. Reservoir water quality emergency warning based on oil particle model. Journal of Hohai University, 41(2): 120–124 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang, Y. K., Li, Y. P., and Qiu, L., 2015. Oil spill risk-based EFDC the Yangtze River pier model predictions. Water Resources Protection, 31(1): 91–98 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Ji, Z. G., Li, Z., Johnson, W., and Auad, G., 2021. Progress of the oil spill risk analysis (OSRA) model and its applications. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(2): 195.
Lavine, W., Jamal, M. H., Abd Wahab, A. K., and Kasiman, E. H., 2020. Effect of sea level rise on oil spill model drift using TELEMAC-2D. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 11(4): 1021–1031.
Lin, Y. Y., and Ge, X. F., 2010. Risk assessment of oil spill accidents in the shipbuilding industry of Baima Port. Environment and Sustainable Development, 5: 4–6 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu, H., and Su, J. L., 2014. Theory and practice of ocean management based on ecosystem. Earth Science Progress, 29(2): 275–284 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu, R. Z., Borthwick, A. G., Lan, D. D., and Zeng, W. H., 2013. Environmental risk mapping of accidental pollution and its zonal prevention in a city. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 91(5): 397–404.
Liu, X., Meng, R. L., Xing, Q. G., Lou, M. J., Chao, H., and Bing, L., 2015. Assessing oil spill risk in the Chinese Bohai Sea: A case study for both ship and platform related oil spills. Ocean & Coastal Management, 108: 140–146.
Lu, Y., Wand, J., Wei, W. P., Yang, Y., and An, W., 2014. Development and application of oil-spill risk assessment model for offshore pipeline. Journal of Ocean University of China, 13(3): 415–420.
Ma, J. Y., 2012. Research on risk assessment of ship oil spill accident in Zhoushan Port. Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University, 31(2): 182–187 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Mcallister, E. W., 2009. Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook. Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, 685–701.
Nelson, J. R., Grubesic, T. H., Sim, L., Rose, K., and Graham, J., 2015. Approach for assessing coastal vulnerability to oil spills for prevention and readiness using GIS and the blowout and spill occurrence model. Ocean & Coastal Management, 112: 1–11.
Olita, A., Cucco, A., Simeone, S., Ribotti, A., Fazioli, L., Sorgente, B., et al., 2012. Oil spill hazard and risk assessment for the shorelines of a Mediterranean coastal archipelago. Ocean & Coastal Management, 57: 44–52.
Sajid, Z., Khan, F., and Veitch, B., 2020. Dynamic ecological risk modelling of hydrocarbon release scenarios in Arctic waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 153: 111001.
Song, G. Z., Khan, F., and Yang, M., 2019. Integrated risk management of hazardous processing facilities. Process Safety Progress, 38(1): 42–51.
Thomas, R. S., and Thomas, M. L., 1986. Judgment and analysis in oil spill risk assessment. Risk Analysis, 6(3): 305–315.
Tong, Y. B., Deng, Z. A., and Jiang, X. Y., 2020. The oil spill model and SSD curve method assess the marine ecological risks of oil spills in the Bohai Sea. Marine Bulletin, 39(3): 390–400 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wei, H., Wu, J. P., and Pohlmann, T., 2001. A simulation on the seasonal variation of the circulation and transport in the Bohai Sea. Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai & Bohai Seas, 2: 1–9.
Wu, L. Y., Wang, X., and Xiong, X. J., 2013. Assessment of the tidal stream energy at Bohai Strait using a high resolution model. Advances in Marine Science, 31(1): 12–21 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu, Z., and Zhao, W. Q., 1992. Lingdingyang oil spill pollution risk zoning and pollution prevention countermeasures. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 10: 42–47 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao, L., Chen, C., and Cowles, G., 2006. Tidal flushing and eddy shedding in Mount Hope Bay and Narragansett Bay: An application of FVCOM. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111: C10015.
Acknowledgements
The study is supported by the Special Funds for Fundamental Scientific Research Operation of Central Universities (No. 202113011), the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Sciences (No. GXKLHY21-04), the Shandong Provincial Social Science Planning Research Youth Project (No. 21DSHJ2), the General Project of National Social Science Fund for Research on the Ideological and Political Courses in Colleges and Universities (No. 21VSZ102), and the Ministry of Natural Resources Departmental Budget Project ‘Research on the Policy and Operation System of the Control System for Land and Space Use’ (No. 121107000000190014).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, K., Wang, X., Liu, Y. et al. Oil Spill Risk Assessment of Offshore Pipeline in the Bohai Sea Under the Perspective of Ecological Protection. J. Ocean Univ. China 22, 649–657 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-023-5230-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-023-5230-4