Abstract
The characteristics of irregular wave reflection by a perforated caisson breakwater under wave overtopping conditions were investigated using physical model tests. The effects of various parameters, especially the mean overtopping discharge that was mainly determined by the relative crest freeboard, on the reflection coefficient of perforated caisson breakwater were analyzed using experimental data. The results showed that the wave overtopping occurrence had no appreciable effect on the reflection coefficient when the mean overtopping discharge was less than 0.2 m3 (m s)−1. Under the wave overtopping condition, the reflection coefficient of the perforated caisson breakwater in this study was reduced by 20%–50% compared with that of the non-perforated caisson breakwater. A predictive formula of the reflection coefficient for perforated caisson breakwaters in terms of relative water depth, relative chamber width, and porosity of the caisson front wall, was developed for practical engineering design.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chen, X., Li, Y., Sun, D., and Chen, R., 2002. Experimental study of reflection coefficient and wave forces acting on perforated caisson. Acta Oceanologica Sinca, 21(3): 451–460.
Di-Risio, M., Beltrami, G.-M., De-Girolamo, P., Noli, A., and Ievolella, G., 2009. Investigation on overtopping and reflection performance of perforated caisson breakwaters: The Ponza harbour case. In: Coastal Structures 2007 (Volume II). Franco, L., et al., eds., World Scientific, 1562–1573.
Franco, C., and Franco, L., 1999. Overtopping formulas for caisson breakwaters with non-breaking 3D waves. Journal of Waterway Port Coastal and Ocean Engineering, 125(2): 98–108.
Franco, L., Cecioni, C., Bellotti, G., and Lykke Andersen, T., 2019. Laboratory tests on the reflection coefficient of a perforated caisson. The 8th International Coastal Structures Conference 2019. Hannover, 253–262.
Franco, L., De Gerloni, M., and Van der Meer, J. W., 1994. Wave overtopping at vertical and composite breakwaters. Proceedings of the 24th International Coastal Engineering Conference. ASCE, 1: 1030–1045.
Goda, Y., and Suzuki, Y., 1976. Estimation of incident and reflected waves in random wave experiments. Proceeding of the 15th International Conference on Coastal Engineering. Hawaii, 828–845.
Jarlan, G. E., 1961. A perforated vertical wall breakwater. Dock and Harbour Authority, 41(486): 394–398.
Lee, J. I., and Shin, S., 2014a. Experimental study on the wave reflection of partially perforated wall caissons with single and double chambers. Ocean Engineering, 91: 1–10.
Lee, J. I., and Shin, S., 2014b. An experimental study on the hydraulic performance of wharf structure with plain and partially perforated walls. Disaster Advances, 7(5): 39–49.
Li, Y. C., Dong, G. H., Liu, H. J., and Sun, D. P., 2003. The reflection of oblique incident waves by breakwaters with double-layered perforated wall. Coastal Engineering, 50(1): 47–60.
Li, Y. C., Liu, H. J., Teng, B., and Sun, D. P., 2002. Reflection of oblique incident waves by breakwaters with partially-perforated wall. China Ocean Engineering, 16(3): 329–342.
Liu, X., Liu, Y., Li, H. J., Wang, X. Y., and Zhao, Y., 2018. Experimental study of mean overtopping discharge at perforated caissons for non-impulsive waves. Science China Technological Sciences, 61(5): 83–95.
Liu, Y., Li, Y. C., and Teng, B., 2007. The reflection of oblique waves by an infinite number of partially perforated caissons. Ocean Engineering, 34(14–15): 1965–1976.
Liu, Y., Li, Y. C., and Teng, B., 2012. Interaction between obliquely incident waves and an infinite array of multi-chamber perforated caissons. Journal of Engineering Mathematics, 74(1): 1–18.
McBride, M. W., Allsop, N. W. H., Besley, P., Colombo, D., and Madurini, L., 1995. Vertical walls and low reflection alternatives: Results of wave flume tests. HR Wallingford, Report IT 417.
Meringolo, D. D., Aristodemo, F., and Veltri, P., 2015. SPH numerical modeling of wave-perforated breakwater interaction. Coastal Engineering, 101: 48–68.
Neelamani, S., Al-Salem, K., and Taqi, A., 2017. Experimental investigation on wave reflection characteristics of slotted vertical barriers with an impermeable back wall in random wave fields. Journal of Waterway Port Coastal and Ocean Engineering, 143(4): 06017002.
Suh, K. D., Choi, J. C., Kim, B. H., Park, W. S., and Lee, K. S., 2001. Reflection of irregular waves from perforated-wall caisson breakwaters. Coastal Engineering, 44(2): 141–151.
Tagliafierro, B., Crespo, A. J. C., González-Cao, J., Altomare, C., Sande, J., Peña, E., et al., 2020. Numerical modelling of a multi-chambered low-reflective caisson. Applied Ocean Research, 103: 102325.
Takahashi, S., Kotake, Y., Fujiwara, R., and Isobe, M., 2003. Performance evaluation of perforated-wall caissons by VOF numerical simulations. Proceedings of the 28th Coastal Engineering Conference. Cardiff, 1364–1376.
Tang, X., Jiang, F., Chen, H., Chen, R., Hao, D., and Zhang, X., 2017. Numerical analysis of the hydrodynamic performance of perforated caissons using the revised smooth particle hydrodynamics method. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part M Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, 231(3): 768–781.
Tanimoto, K., and Yoshimoto, Y., 1982. Theoretical and experimental study of reflection coefficient for wave dissipating caisson with a permeable front wall. Report of the Port and Harbour Research Institute, 21(3): 44–77 (in Japanese).
Tanimoto, K., Haranaka, S., Takahashi, S., Komatsu, K., Todoroki, M., and Osato, M., 1976. An experimental investigation of wave reflection, overtopping and wave forces for several types of breakwaters and sea walls. Technical Note of the Port and Harbour Research Institute Ministry of Transport. Japan, No. 246 (in Japanese).
Wang, D. X., Dong, S., and Sun, J. W., 2019. Numerical modeling of the interactions between waves and a Jarlan-type caisson breakwater using OpenFOAM. Ocean Engineering, 188: 106230.
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52001294 and 51725903), and the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province (No. ts20190915).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, X., Liu, Y. Experimental Study of Irregular Wave Reflection by a Perforated Caisson Breakwater Under Wave Overtopping Conditions. J. Ocean Univ. China 21, 926–934 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-022-4964-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-022-4964-8