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Comparative Evaluation of Toleration to Heating and Hypoxia of Three Kinds of Salmonids

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Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the critical thermal maximum (CTMax), the routine metabolism rate (MO2) and the limiting oxygen saturation (LOS) of three salmonids with four different body weights ranging from 16 g to 131 g. The CTMax was estimated at three different heating rates including 0.5°C min−1, 1°C h−1 and 2°C d−1. Results showed that the CTMax of maple trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was the highest, which was followed by steelhead trout (O. mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar). The CTMax of the salmonid fish decreased with the increment of body weight, and was significantly influenced by the heating rate. The MO2 of the salmonid fish increased with the increment of temperature, and decreased with the increment of body weight. Suffocation points of the fish decreased with increasing body weight and temperature. Steelhead trout was more tolerant to hypoxia than maple trout and Atlantic salmon, while the MO2 of Atlantic salmon was the highest among these three salmonids. The LOS of the fish generally had a positive trend with temperature and body weight, and the LOS of steelhead trout was significantly lower than that of maple trout and Atlantic salmon. In conclusion, maple trout was the most tolerant kind to high temperature, while steelhead trout was the most tolerant to hypoxia among three kinds of salmonids. Moreover, the abilities to tolerate higher temperature of three salmonids were affected by their body weight and the heating rate, while the abilities to tolerate hypoxia were influenced by their body weight and the water temperature.

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Acknowledgements

We thank those who have critically review this manuscript and who helped us in this study at the Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31572634 and 31702364), and Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan (Nos. 2016CYJS04A01 and 2017CX GC0106).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China

    Kunpeng Shi, Shuanglin Dong, Yangen Zhou, Qinfeng Gao, Li Li, Meizhao Zhang & Dajiang Sun

  2. Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China

    Shuanglin Dong

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  1. Kunpeng Shi
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  2. Shuanglin Dong
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Correspondence to Shuanglin Dong.

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Shi, K., Dong, S., Zhou, Y. et al. Comparative Evaluation of Toleration to Heating and Hypoxia of Three Kinds of Salmonids. J. Ocean Univ. China 17, 1465–1472 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-018-3673-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-018-3673-9

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