Abstract
By taking into consideration the effects of ocean surface wave-induced Stokes drift velocity Ū w and current velocity Ū c on the drag coefficient, the spatial distributions of drag coefficient and wind stress in 2004 are computed over the tropical and northern Pacific using an empirical drag coefficient parameterization formula based on wave steepness and wind speed. The global ocean current field is generated from the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and the wave data are generated from Wavewatch III (WW3). The spatial variability of the drag coefficient and wind stress is analyzed. Preliminary results indicate that the ocean surface Stokes drift velocity and current velocity exert an important influence on the wind stress. The results also show that consideration of the effects of the ocean surface Stokes drift velocity and current velocity on the wind stress can significantly improve the modeling of ocean circulation and air-sea interaction processes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bleck, R., 2002. An ocean general circulation model framed in Hybrid Isopycnic-Cartesian Coordinates. Ocean Model., 4:55–88.
Bourassa, M. A., 2006. Satellite-based Observations of Surface Turbulent Stress During Severe Weather. In: Atmosphere-Ocean Interactions, Vol. 2, Adv. Fluid Mech. Ser., Vol. 39, Perrie W. ed., Wessex Inst. of Technol., Southampton, UK, pp. 35–52.
Donelan, W., M. Drennan, and K. B. Katsaros, 1997. The air-sea momentum flux in mixed wind sea and swell conditions. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27: 2087–2099.
Garratt, J. R. D., 1977. Review of drag coefficients over oceans and continents. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105: 915–929.
Guan, C. L., and Xie L., 2004. A note on the linear parameterization of drag coefficient over sea surface. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34: 2847–2851.
Hsu, S. A., 1974. A dynamic roughness equation and its application to wind stress determination at the air-sea interface. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 4: 116–120.
Kara, A. B., E. J. Metzger, and M. A. Bourassa, 2007. Ocean current and wave effects on wind stress drag coefficient over the global ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01604, doi:10.1029/2006GL027849.
Kelly, K. A., S. Dickinson, M. McPhaden, and G. Johnson, 2001. Ocean currents evident in satellite wind data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28: 2469–2472.
Luo, J.-J., S. Masson, E. Roeckner, G. Madec, and T. Yamagata, 2005. Reducing climatology bias in an ocean-atmosphere CGCM with improved coupling physics. J. Clim., 18: 2344–2360.
Pacanowski, R. C., 1987. Effect of equatorial currents on surface wind stress. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17: 833–838.
Sugimori, Y., M. Akiyama, and N. Suzuki, 2000. Ocean measurement and climate prediction-expectation for signal processing. J. Signal Processing, 4: 209–222 (in Japanese).
Taylor, P. K., and M. J. Yelland, 2001. The dependence of sea surface roughness on the height and steepness of the waves. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31: 572–590.
Tolman, H. L., 1990. A third-generation nodel for wind waves on slowly varying, unsteady, and inhomogeneous depth and currents. J. Phys. Oceannogr., 21: 782–797.
Wallcraft, A. J., E. J. Metzger, H. E. Hurlburt, E. P. Chassignet, Z. D. Garraffo, and O. M. Smedstad, 2005. Global Ocean Prediction Using HYCOM, Handle Url: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA449202
Yelland, M., and P. K. Taylor, 1996. Wind stress measurements from the open ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26: 541–558.
Yelland, M. J., B. I. Moat, P. K. Taylor, R. W. Pascal, J. Hutchings, and V. C. Cornell, 1998. Wind stress measurements from the open ocean corrected for airflow distortion by the ship. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28: 1511–1526.
Zhao, D. L., 2002. A note on wave state dependence of the sea-surface roughness. Proceedings of the Twelfth (2002) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Kitakyushu, Japan, May, 26–31.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Deng, Z., Zhao, D., Wu, K. et al. Impacts of wave and current on drag coefficient and wind stress over the tropical and northern Pacific. J. Ocean Univ. China 7, 373–378 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-008-0373-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-008-0373-x