Skip to main content
Log in

Der Stellenwert der Schleifendiuretika in der Kardiochirurgie

Loop diuretics in cardiac surgery

  • Published:
Clinical Research in Cardiology Supplements Aims and scope

Summary

Diuretic therapy in acute renal failure is mainly done with loop diuretics, foremost furosemide. Torasemide has a longer duration of action and does not accumulate in renal failure. In renal failure both diuretics have been effectively applied, with a more pronounced diuretic effect for torasemide. However, the use of diuretics in acute renal failure is controversially discussed, mainly because of the missing positive outcome regarding renal recovery, requirement for dialysis and death. In this study, the effects of torasemide versus furosemide on renal function in cardiac surgery patients recovering from acute renal failure after renal replacement therapy were studied. Twenty-nine patients admitted to an intensive care unit at a university teaching hospital after cardiac surgery were included in this prospective, randomized clinical trial. Torasemide and furosemide dosage was adjusted with the target urine output being 0.8–1.5 ml/kg/h. Hemodynamic data, urine output, volume balance, creatinine clearance, electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, renin and aldosterone concentrations were measured. A dosage of 29 (0–160) mg torasemide and a dosage of 60 (0–240) mg furosemide were given every 6 h in each group, respectively. Urine output, 24 h balance, serum creatinine clearance, renin and aldosterone concentrations did not differ significantly between groups. Urine output decreased in both groups, mostly dose-dependent in the torasemide group. The intra-group comparison of the first time-interval after inclusion with the last time-interval showed a significant increase in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in the furosemide group. However, 4 patients had to be reinitiated in renal replacement therapy in the torasemide group versus 2 patients in the furosemide group.

Conclusion

Torasemide and furosemide were effective in increasing urine output in cardiac surgery patients. Torasemide might show a better dose-dependent diuretic effect in acute renal failure patients after renal replacement therapy treatment. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen elimination were comparable between diuretic groups.

Zusammenfassung

Unter den Schleifendiuretika ist Furosemid das Standardmedikament. Torasemid hat eine längere Wirkdauer und kumuliert nicht bei Patienten mit Nierenversagen. Bei Patienten mit Niereninsuffizienz sind beide Diuretika effektiv, mit einem stärkeren diuretischen Effekt für Torasemid. Allerdings wird der Einsatz von Diuretika zur Prophylaxe und Therapie eines akuten Nierenversagens kontrovers diskutiert. In der Hauptsache wegen der fehlenden positiven Ergebnisse bezüglich Erholung der Nierenfunktion, Notwendigkeit einer Nierenersatztherapie und Letalität. In dieser Studie wurden die Effekte auf die Nierenfunktion von Furosemid versus Torasemid bei kardiochirurgischen Patienten mit einem postoperativen akuten Nierenversagen, die unter Nierenersatztherapie eine Erholung der Nierenfunktion aufwiesen, beschrieben. 29 Patienten wurden in diese prospektive, randomisierte klinische Studie eingeschlossen. Die Dosierung von Torasemid und Furosemid wurde an eine Diurese von 0,8–1,5 ml/kg/h angepasst. Hämodynamische Parameter, Diurese, Bilanz, Creatinin, Harnstoff, Creatininclearance, Elektrolyte, Renin und Aldosteron wurden bestimmt. Eine Dosierung von 29 (0–160) mg Torasemid und 60 (0–240) mg Furosemid wurden alle 6 h gegeben. Die Diurese, die Bilanz, die Creatininclearance und die Renin- und Aldosteronkonzentrationen zeigten keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen. Die Diurese nahm in beiden Diuretikagruppen ab, mit einer besseren Dosiswirkungsbeziehung in der Torasemidgruppe. Der Intragruppenvergleich zwischen Studienbeginn und Studienende zeigte einen signifikanten Anstieg der Werte für Harnstoff und Creatinin in der Furosemidgruppe versus nichtsignifikante Veränderungen in der Torasemidgruppe. Allerdings wurden vier Patienten in der Torasemidgruppe versus zwei Patienten in der Furosemidgruppe erneut an die Nierenersatztherapie angeschlossen. Zusammenfassend: Furosemid und Torasemid waren effektiv in der Induktion einer polyurischen Diurese bei kardiochirurgischen Patienten mit einer eventuellen besseren Dosiswirkungsbeziehung in der Torasemidgruppe. Der Effekt auf die qualitative Nierenfunktion zeigte keinen Unterschied zwischen beiden Diuretika bei kardiochirurgischen postoperativen Patienten.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Literatur

  1. Allison ME, Shilliday I (1993) Loop diuretic therapy in acute and chronic renal failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 22(Suppl 3):S59–S70

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Boesken WH, Kult J (1997) High-dose torasemide, given once daily intravenously for one week, in patients with advanced chronic renal failure. Clin Nephrol 48:22–28

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Brater DC (2000) Pharmacology of diuretics. Am J Med Sci 319:38–50

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Brater DC (1998) Diuretic therapy. N Engl J Med 339:387–395

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Cantarovich F, Rangoonwala B, Lorenz H, Verho M, Esnault VL (2004) High-dose furosemide for established ARF: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Am J Kidney Dis 44:402–409

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Clasen W, Khartabil T, Imm S, Kindler J (1988) Torasemide for diuretic treatment of advanced chronic renal failure. Arzneimittelforschung 38:209–211

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Goodfriend TL, Ball DL, Oelkers W, Bahr V (1998) Torsemide inhibits aldosterone secretion in vitro. Life Sci 63:L45–L50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Corwin HL, Bonventre JV (1988) Acute renal failure in the intensive care unit. Part 1. Intensive Care Med 14:10–16

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Cosin J, Diez J (2002) Torasemide in chronic heart failure: results of the TORIC study. Eur J Heart Fail 4:507–513

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kellum JA (1997) Diuretics in acute renal failure: protective or deleterious. Blood Purif, pp 319–322

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kellum JA, Angus DC, Johnson JP, Leblanc M, Griffin M, Ramakrishnan N, Linde-Zwirble WT (2002) Continuous versus intermittent renal replacement therapy: a meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med 28:29–37

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kox WJ, Spies C (2003) Check-up Anästhesiologie. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

  13. Kresse S, Schlee H, Deuber HJ, Koall W, Osten B (1999) Influence of renal replacement therapy on outcome of patients with acute renal failure. Kidney Int Suppl 72:S75–S78

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Lameire NH, De Vriese AS, Vanholder R (2003) Prevention and nondialytic treatment of acute renal failure. Curr Opin Crit Care 9:481–490

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Mehta RL, Pascual MT, Soroko S, Chertow GM (2002) Diuretics, mortality, and nonrecovery of renal function in acute renal failure. JAMA 288:2547–2553

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Murray MD, Deer MM, Ferguson JA, Dexter PR, Bennett SJ, Perkins SM, Smith FE, Lane KA, Adams LD, Tierney WM, Brater DC (2001) Open-label randomized trial of torsemide compared with furosemide therapy for patients with heart failure. Am J Med 111:513–520

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Novis BK, Roizen MF, Aronson S, Thisted RA (1994) Association of preoperative risk factors with postoperative acute renal failure. Anesth Analg 78:143–149

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Risler T, Schwab A, Kramer B, Braun N, Erley C (1994) Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of loop diuretics in renal failure. Cardiology 84(Suppl 2):155–161

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Russo D, Memoli B, Andreucci VE (1992) The place of loop diuretics in the treatment of acute and chronic renal failure. Clin Nephrol 38(Suppl 1):S69–S73

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Shilliday IR, Quinn KJ, Allison ME (1997) Loop diuretics in the management of acute renal failure: a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 12:2592–2596

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Stallwood MI, Grayson AD, Mills K, Scawn ND (2004) Acute renal failure in coronary artery bypass surgery: independent effect of cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 77:968–972

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Uchida T, Yamanaga K, Nishikawa M, Ohtaki Y, Kido H, Watanabe M (1991) Anti-aldosteronergic effect of torasemide. Eur J Pharmacol 205:145–150

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Uchida T, Yamanaga K, Kido H, Ohtaki Y, Watanabe M (1994) Diuretic and vasodilating actions of torasemide. Cardiology 84(Suppl 2):14–17

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Uchino S, Doig GS, Bellomo R, Morimatsu H, Morgera S, Schetz M, Tan I, Bouman C, Nacedo E, Gibney N, Tolwani A, Ronco C, Kellum JA (2004) Diuretics and mortality in acute renal failure. Crit Care Med 32:1669–1677

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Uechi M, Matsuoka M, Kuwajima E, Kaneko T, Yamashita K, Fukushima U, Ishikawa Y (2003) The effects of the loop diuretics furosemide and torasemide on diuresis in dogs and cats. J Vet Med Sci 65:1057–1061

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Vargas Hein O, Spies C, Kox WJ (2000) Renal dysfunction in the perioperative period. In: Gullo A (2001) Anaesthesia, pain, intensive care and emergency medicine (A.P.I.C.E.) Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

  27. Vargas Hein O, Staegemann M, Wagner D, von Heymann C, Martin M, Morgera S, Spies C (2005) Torsemide versus furosemide after continuous renal replacement therapy due to acute renal failure in cardiac surgery patients. Ren Fail 27:385–392

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Wang F, Dupuis JY, Nathan H, Williams K (2003) An analysis of the association between preoperative renal dysfunction and outcome in cardiac surgery: estimated creatinine clearance or plasma creatinine level as measures of renal function. Chest 124:1852–1862

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Yamato M, Sasaki T, Honda K, Fukuda M, Akutagawa O, Okamoto M, Hayashi T (2003) Effects of torasemide on left ventricular function and neurohumoral factors in patients with chronic heart failure. Circ J 67:384–390

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Yelton SL, Gaylor MA, Murray KM (1995) The role of continuous infusion loop diuretics. Ann Pharmacother 29:1010–1014

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to O. Vargas Hein.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Vargas Hein, O., Spies, C. Der Stellenwert der Schleifendiuretika in der Kardiochirurgie. Clin Res Cardiol Suppl 2 (Suppl 1), S96–S102 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11789-006-0047-4

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11789-006-0047-4

Key words

Schlüsselwörter

Navigation