Abstract
Due to improved soil deliverability and high reactivity, stabilized nanoparticles have been studied for nearly two decades for in situ remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with organic pollutants. While large amounts of bench- and field-scale experimental data have demonstrated the potential of the innovative technology, extensive research results have also unveiled various merits and constraints associated different soil characteristics, types of nanoparticles and particle stabilization techniques. Overall, this work aims to critically overview the fundamental principles on particle stabilization, and the evolution and some recent developments of stabilized nanoparticles for degradation of organic contaminants in soil and groundwater. The specific objectives are to: 1) overview fundamental mechanisms in nanoparticle stabilization; 2) summarize key applications of stabilized nanoparticles for in situ remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated by legacy and emerging organic chemicals; 3) update the latest knowledge on the transport and fate of stabilized nanoparticles; 4) examine the merits and constraints of stabilized nanoparticles in environmental remediation applications; and 5) identify the knowledge gaps and future research needs pertaining to stabilized nanoparticles for remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. Per instructions of this invited special issue, this review is focused on contributions from our group (one of the pioneers in the subject field), which, however, is supplemented by important relevant works by others. The knowledge gained is expected to further advance the science and technology in the environmental applications of stabilized nanoparticles.
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Acknowledgements
This work was partially supported by the Auburn University IGP Program, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41807340) and the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program (No. 2016ZT06N569).
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Highlights
• Overviewed evolution and environmental applications of stabilized nanoparticles.
• Reviewed theories on particle stabilization for enhanced reactivity/deliverability.
• Examined various in situ remediation technologies based on stabilized nanoparticles.
• Summarized knowledge on transport of stabilized nanoparticles in porous media.
• Identified key knowledge gaps and future research needs on stabilized nanoparticles.
Dr. Zhengqing Cai obtained his Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering from Auburn University in 2016. Following postdoctoral research at Fudan University, he joined the faculty of East China University of Science and Technology in 2018. His research interests focus on the photochemical degradation of organic contaminants and environmental nanotechnologies.
Dr. Xiao Zhao has been an associate professor in the College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering at China Agricultural University since 2017. He received his Ph. D. from Auburn University, USA, in 2015, and then carried out a postdoctoral study at Tsinghua University. He has published over 35 peer-reviewed articles focusing on environmental nanotechnologies.
Dr. Jun Duan is current a postdoctoral researcher in the college of environmental science and engineering at Peking University. He received his Ph.D. from Auburn University, USA, in 2019. His research interests focus on the synthesis and application of nanomaterials for remediation of contaminated water and soil. He has published 11 peer-reviewed articles.
Dr. Dongye Zhao is the Engineering Alumni Chair Professor in the Civil Engineering Department of Auburn University. He received his Ph.D. in environmental engineering from Lehigh University in 1998. His research focuses on development of stabilized nanomaterials for soil/ground-water remediation and photocatalysts for destruction of persistent organic pollutants.
Dr. Zhi Dang is a Professor in the School of Environment and Energy at the South China University of Technology. His research fields are focused on the release, migration, and fate of heavy metals from mining areas and the remediation of soil contaminated by heavy metals.
Dr. Zhang Lin is a professor in the School of Environment and Energy at the South China University of Technology. She obtained her Ph.D. from the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1999. Her current research interests are focused on the resources recovery and energy utilization of the solid wastes.
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Cai, Z., Zhao, X., Duan, J. et al. Remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with organic chemicals using stabilized nanoparticles: Lessons from the past two decades. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. 14, 84 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1263-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-020-1263-8