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Characterization of microstructure and texture of lean duplex stainless steel 2101 produced by underwater laser wire direct energy deposition

水下激光填丝直接能量沉积法制备贫双相不锈钢2101 的组织和织构演变

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Abstract

Lean duplex stainless steel 2101 (LDX 2101) is a promising material to replace 304 austenitic stainless steel in nuclear power plant in the future and it has been widely studied for its good economy, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Aiming at the underwater maintenance of nuclear power, the microstructure and texture evolution of laser wire direct energy deposition in underwater environment were studied by means of optical microscope and electron backscatter diffraction. The results show that the rapid cooling effect of underwater environment on the molten pool inhibits the transformation from ferrite to austenite. Since ferrites have the lowest surface energy, most of them were precipitated along the dense-packed (111)α and (110)α planes. The deposition structure shows typical cube texture and Goss texture. Although the texture of austenite is not as strong as that of ferrite passing through the deposition layer, the results show that the austenite phase was formed with a close Kurdjumov-Sachsorientation orientation relationship with respect to the ferrite phase. It is also found that the cyclic reheating effect of laser wire direct energy deposition not only changes the microstructure and texture, but also affects the grain size and the proportion of special grain boundaries. Improving the content and distribution uniformity of Σ3 grain boundary in the deposition structure is beneficial to improve the corrosion resistance.

摘要

贫双相不锈钢2101(LDX 2101)是一种可以替代304奥氏体不锈钢的低镍不锈钢材料,以良好的经济性、力学性能和耐腐蚀性而被广泛研究,在核电工程中具有广泛的应用前景。针对核电工程水下维修技术背景,利用光学显微镜和电子背散射衍射等方法,研究了水下环境激光填丝直接能量沉积工艺制备的贫双相不锈钢2101 的微观组织和织构演变。结果表明,水下环境对熔池的快速冷却作用抑制了铁素体向奥氏体的转变进程。由于铁素体的表面能最低,大多数铁素体是沿着密排堆积的(111)α 和(110)α 平面沉积的,沉积结构呈现典型的立方结构和高斯结构。尽管奥氏体的织构不如穿过沉积层的铁素体的织构强,但结果表明,奥氏体相相对于铁素体相形成了更紧密的Kurdjumov-Sachs 取向关系。 激光填丝直接能量沉积工艺的循环再加热效应不仅改变了贫双相不锈钢2101 的组织和织构,还影响了晶粒尺寸和特殊晶界的比例。提高沉积结构中Σ3 晶界的含量和分布均匀性,有利于增强沉积层的耐蚀性。

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Engineering Research Center for Remanufacturing, Army Academy of Armored Forces, Beijing, 100072, China

    Zhi-hai Cai  (蔡志海), Xian Du  (杜娴) & Hai-dou Wang  (王海斗)

  2. CISRI HIPEX Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100081, China

    Kai Wang  (王凯)

  3. Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China

    Jia-lei Zhu  (朱加雷) & Xiang-dong Jiao  (焦向东)

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  1. Zhi-hai Cai  (蔡志海)
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  2. Kai Wang  (王凯)
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  3. Jia-lei Zhu  (朱加雷)
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  4. Xiang-dong Jiao  (焦向东)
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  5. Xian Du  (杜娴)
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Contributions

CAI Zhi-hai: Funding acquisition; WANG Kai: Methodology, writing original draft; ZHU Jia-lei: Funding acquisition and project administration; JIAO Xiang-dong: Conceptualization and methodology; DU Xian: Formal analysis; WANG Hai-dou: Preparation, and/or presentation of the published work.

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Correspondence to Kai Wang  (王凯) or Jia-lei Zhu  (朱加雷).

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Foundation item: Project(52130509) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation, China; Project(BIPTACF-010) supported by the Cultivation Foundation from Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, China

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Cai, Zh., Wang, K., Zhu, Jl. et al. Characterization of microstructure and texture of lean duplex stainless steel 2101 produced by underwater laser wire direct energy deposition. J. Cent. South Univ. 31, 72–83 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-023-5477-3

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