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Effects of rib on cooling performance of photovoltaic modules (PV/PCM-Rib)

肋材对(PV/PCM-Rib)光伏组件冷却性能的影响

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Abstract

Increasing the temperature of photovoltaic systems reduces electrical efficiency, output power, as well as results in permanent damages in the long-term run. A new hybrid PV/PCM-Rib system with three different rib pitch ratios of Λ =4, Λ =2 and Λ =1 is investigated to reduce PV temperature and achieve uniform temperature distribution. A comprehensive two-dimensional model of the systems is developed and simulated with a fixed inclination angle of 30°. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the impact of ribs on different melting temperatures (50, 40 and 30 ° C). According to the numerical results and the parametric analysis, using ribs shows better performance in temperature reduction for PCM with a lower melting temperature. By lowering the melting temperature of PCM from 50 to 30 °C, the average temperature reduction of PV/PCM-Rib in the case of Λ =1 increases from 1.39% to 5.16% while the average melted PCM decreases from 20.5% to 7.59% after 240 min. It means that using ribs provides more solid PCM. It is also obtained that the electrical efficiency and output power show more increments at lower melting temperatures.

摘要

升高光伏系统的温度会降低电力效率和输出功率, 并在长期运行中造成永久性的损害。研究了 采用Λ=4,Λ=2, Λ=1 三种不同肋距比的PV/PCM-Rib 复合系统, 以降低PV 温度, 实现温度均匀分布。 建立了系统的综合二维模型, 并对固定倾角为30°的情况进行了仿真。通过参数研究, 研究了肋材在 不同PCM 熔化温度(50 °C、40 °C 和30 °C)对降温效果的影响。计算结果和参数分析表明, 在熔化温度 较低的PCM 材料中, 采用肋材具有较好的降温效果。通过将PCM 的熔化温度由50 °C 降至30 °C,在 Λ=1 情况下, 240 min 后PV/PCM-Rib 的平均温度下降率由1.39% 提高至5.16%, PCM 的平均熔化率由 20.5% 降低至7.59%。这意味着使用肋材可以提供更多固态PCM。在较低的PCM 熔点温度下, 电效率 和输出功率增加较多。

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Abbreviations

a :

Absorption coefficient (m−1)

A mush :

Mushy zone constant (kg/(m3·s))

C p :

Specific heat capacity (J/(kg·K))

F b :

Buoyance force (N)

g :

Gravitational acceleration (m/s2)

h :

Height of ribs (mm)

h 1 :

Sensible enthalpy (J/kg)

h conv :

Convection heat transfer coeffcient (W/(m2·K))

H :

Enthalpy of PCM (J/kg)

I T :

Incident solar radiation (W/m2)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W/(m·K))

l :

Distance between ribs (mm)

L :

Length of solar panel (mm)

L 1 :

Latent heat (J/kg)

n :

Reflective index

P :

Pressure (Pa)

P out :

Output power per width (W/m)

q :

Heat flux per area (W/m2)

\({\vec r}\) :

Position vector

\({\vec s}\) :

Direction vector

\({{\vec s}^\prime }\) :

Scattering direction vector

S :

Source term

t :

Time (s)

T :

Local temperature (°C)

T m :

Melting temperature (°C)

ΔT m :

Phase transition range (°C)

u, v :

Velocity components in x and y-direction (m/s)

V wind :

Wind velocity (m/s)

α :

Absorptivity of the solar cell

β :

Thermal expansion coefficient (K−1)

β ref :

Solar cell temperature coefficient (K−1)

γ :

Liquid fraction

Δ :

Difference

ε :

Emissive factor

ζ :

Solar irradiance coefficient

η :

Efficiency

θ :

Inclination angle

Λ :

Rib pitch ratio

μ :

Viscosity (Pa·s)

ρ :

Density (kg/m3)

σ :

Stefan-boltzmann constant (W/(m2·K4))

σ s :

Scattering coefficient

τ :

Transmissivity of glass cover

Φ :

Phase function

Ω′ :

Solid angle

ARC:

Antireflective coating

DO:

Discrete ordinate

EVA:

Ethylene-vinyl acetate

PCM:

Phase change material

PV:

Photovoltaic

RTE:

Radiative transfer equation

STC:

Standard test condition

TWh:

Tetra watt-hour

amb:

Ambient

Al:

Aluminum

B-S:

Back surface

conv:

Convection

conv — B:

Convection back surface

conv — F:

Convection front surface

Eff:

Effective

F-S:

Front surface

1:

Liquid

out:

Output power

pv:

Photovoltaic

ref:

Reference

rad — B:

Radiation back surface

rad — F:

Radiation front surface

s:

Solid

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Funding

Foundation item: Project(G13971192) supported by the Semnan University Office of Vice President for Research and Technology; Project supported by Niroo Research Institute (NRI)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, 35131-191, Iran

    Amir Sadeghian & Mehran Rajabi Zargarabadi

  2. Department of Energy, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran, Iran

    Maziar Dehghan

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  1. Amir Sadeghian
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Contributions

Mehran Rajabi ZARGARABADI provided the concept and edited the draft of manuscript. Amir SADEGHIAN conducted the literature review and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Amir SADEGHIAN performed the numerical simulations and analyzed the experimental results. Mehran Rajabi ZARGARABADI and Maziar DEHGHAN edited the draft of manuscript. All authors replied to reviewers’ comments and revised the final version.

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Correspondence to Mehran Rajabi Zargarabadi.

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The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Sadeghian, A., Zargarabadi, M.R. & Dehghan, M. Effects of rib on cooling performance of photovoltaic modules (PV/PCM-Rib). J. Cent. South Univ. 28, 3449–3465 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-021-4867-7

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