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Phase investigations of manganese-bismuth alloyed in a microwave furnace

微波辐射法制备锰铋合金

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Abstract

Implementation of manganese-bismuth (MnBi) alloys as high-performance permanent magnets is a challenge for physicists and engineers because the ferromagnetic low-temperature phase (LTP) is not exclusively obtained. In this work, melting powered by four commercial magnetrons of 2000–2500 W in a microwave furnace is demonstrated as a new route to alloy MnBi. Under an argon atmosphere, microwave heating transferred to pieces of broken Bi ingots and Mn flakes for 2 h gave rise to products of inhomogeneous composition and morphology. Scanning electron micrographs were classified into three regions according to morphology and elemental composition. Cubic-like clusters characterized as Mn precipitated over light solidified Bi-rich regions, and the MnBi phase was formed in homogeneous regions with a balanced composition between Mn and Bi. A ferromagnetic hysteresis loop was obtained in the ground powder with a coercivity of 40 kA/m. Subsequent annealing at 553 K under a pressure of 414 kPa for 12 h enhanced the MnBi phase with extended regions of balanced composition. It follows that the coercivity was increased to 60 kA/m. However, remanent magnetization was slightly reduced. This MnBi alloyed by microwave radiation can be further used in rare-earth-free magnets.

摘要

得到高性能永磁体锰铋(MnBi)合金对物理学家和工程师来说是一个挑战,因为纯的铁磁低温相 (LTP)不容易获得。在本工作中,在微波炉中由四个2000–2500 W 的商用磁控管驱动的熔化被证明是 一种新的合成MnBi 的路线。在氩气气氛下,微波加热碎Bi 锭和Mn 片2 h,得到成分和形貌不均匀 的产物。按形貌和元素组成将扫描电子显微照片分为三个区域。立方团簇状的Mn 沉淀在明亮的富铋 固化区,MnBi 相在Mn 与Bi 组分平衡、均匀的区域形成。在矫顽力为40 kA/m 的磨碎粉末中存在铁 磁磁滞回线。随后在414 kPa、553 K 下退火12 h,MnBi 相得到扩展,矫顽力提高到60 kA/m,但残 余磁化强度略有降低。微波辐射法得到的MnBi 合金可用于无稀土磁体。

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Acknowledgements

This work is financially supported by Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics (Grant No. ThEP-60-PIP-WU3). It is partially supported by the New Strategic Research (P2P) project, Walailak University, Thailand. The authors would like to thank P. JANTARATANA and D. SRINUAM for facility supports and P. SAETANG for assistance. P. HARDING thanks the National Science Technology and Innovation Policy Office for Integrated Research and Innovation Plan (Grant No. 256113A3050001) for XRD services.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Physics, School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand

    Panita Thongjumpa & Chitnarong Sirisathitkul

  2. Functional Materials and Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand

    Thanida Charoensuk, Upsorn Boonyang, Phimphaka Harding & Chitnarong Sirisathitkul

  3. Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

    Thanida Charoensuk & Chitnarong Sirisathitkul

  4. Division of Chemistry, School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand

    Upsorn Boonyang & Phimphaka Harding

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  1. Panita Thongjumpa
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Correspondence to Chitnarong Sirisathitkul.

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Foundation item: Project(ThEP-60-PIP-WU3) supported by the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics

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Thongjumpa, P., Charoensuk, T., Boonyang, U. et al. Phase investigations of manganese-bismuth alloyed in a microwave furnace. J. Cent. South Univ. 27, 2220–2226 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-020-4443-6

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