Abstract
The waste dump of open-pit coal mine is remade of soil-rock mixture under the action of gravity, dynamic load of transportation equipment and earthquake, etc. By using artificial synthetic transparent soil, the developing process and migration law for soil-rock mixture are observed in the remade process. The mixture of fused quartz sand, liquid paraffin and n-tridecane is chosen as the material for synthetic transparent soil which is mixed with liquid paraffin and n-tridecane at a mass ratio of 4.4 at room temperature of 17℃. Physical and mechanical properties of transparent soil are determined by physical test and compared with those in natural sandy soil. The results show that transparent soil and sandy soil have high similarity, in other words, transparent soil can be used for similar simulation experiments of soil-rock mixture.
摘要
露天煤矿排土场是松散的土石混合体在重力、运输设备动荷载、地震等作用下重塑形成的。通 过人工合成透明土的新方法来观测重塑过程中土-石体的发展过程、运移规律。选择熔融石英砂和液 体石蜡与正十三烷的混合液作为合成透明土的材料,在室温17 ℃条件下,将液体石蜡与正十三烷按 质量比4.4 混合配置透明土。通过物理试验测定透明土的物理力学性质并与普通砂土进行比较,实验 结果表明透明土和砂土具有很高的相似性,说明透明土可用于土石混合体相似模拟实验研究。
Similar content being viewed by others
References
QIAN Ming, XU Jia. Discussion of several issues concerning the development of coal industry in China [J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering, 2006, 23(2): 127–132.
TAHA M R, SHAVERDI H. Evolution of fabric under the rotation of the principal stress axes in the simple shear test [J]. Mechanics of Materials, 2014, 69(1): 173–184. DOI: 10.1016/j.mechmat.2013.10.003.
HASAN A, ALSHIBLI K. Three dimensional fabric evolution of sheared sand [J]. Granular Matter, 2012, 14(4): 469–482. DOI: 10.1007/s10035-012-0353-0.
ABISALLOUM T Y. Electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler-Townes splitting: Two similar but distinct phenomena in two categories of three-level atomic systems [J]. Physical Review A, 2010, 81(5): 90. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.053836.
MAGUED I. Geotechnical properties of transparent silica [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2011, 39(1): 111–124. DOI: 10.1139/t01-075.
SADEK S, ISKANDER M G, LIU J. Accuracy of digital image correlation for measuring deformations intransparent media [J]. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 2003, 17(2): 88–96. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3801(2003)17: 2(88).
STANIER S A, BLACK J A, HIRD C C. Enhancing accuracy and precision of transparent synthetic soil modeling [J]. International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 2012, 12(4): 162–175. DOI: 10.1680/ijpmg.12. 00005.
ISKANDER M, LIU J, SADEK S. Transparent amorphous silica to model clay [J]. Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2002, 128(3): 262–273. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2002)128:3(262).
MANNHEIMER R J, OSWALD C J. Development of transparent porous media with permeabilities and porosities comparable to soils, aquifers, and petroleum reservoirs [J]. Groundwater, 2010, 31(5): 781–788. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00851.x.
ISKANDER M. Transparent soils to image 3D flow and deformations [C]//Imaging Technologies: Techniques and Applications in Civil Engineering, 1998: 255–264.
ABIDEEN A G, AHMAD S A R, MOHD H O. Utilisation of transparent synthetic soil surrogates in geotechnical physical models: A review [J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2016, 8(4): 568–576. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2015.11.009.
LIU J, ISKANDER M, SADEK S. Consolidation and permeability of transparent amorphous silica [J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2003, 26(4): 390–401. DOI: 10.1520/GTJ11257J.
LIU J, ISKANDER M. Modelling capacity of transparent soil [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2010, 47(4): 451–460. DOI: 10.1139/T09-116.
ISKANDER M. Modelling with transparent soils [M]. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.
SHE Yue. Research progress in soil deformation measurement using transparent media and particle image velocimetry [J]. Site Investigation Science and Technology, 2005(6): 7–10.
ZHANG Yi, LI Liang, WANG Si. Experimental study on pore fluid for forming transparent soil [J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2014, 48(10): 1828–1834. DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2014.10.017.
SUI Wang, GAO Yue, LIU Jin. Status and prospect of transparent soil experimental technique [J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2011, 36(4): 577–582. (in Chinese)
WU Ming. Study on transparent synthetic sand and its triaxial test [D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2006. (in Chinese)
XU Guo. Research on the mechanism and evolution law of rock deformation and cracking around deep tunnels [D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2011. (in Chinese)
ZHANG Shun. Study on the development of transparent similar materials for rock mass and its experimental applications [D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2014. (in Chinese)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Foundation item: Project(2015QNA40) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ding, Xh., Zhou, W., Lu, X. et al. Physical simulation test of soil-rock mixture from synthetic transparent soil. J. Cent. South Univ. 25, 3085–3097 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-018-3976-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-018-3976-4