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Evolution of diagenetic fluid of ultra-deep Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Kuqa depression

库车坳陷超深层白垩系巴什基奇克组致密砂岩成岩流体演化研究

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Abstract

Diagenetic fluid types of the Cretaceous Bashijiqike formation are restored based on the analysis of petrographic, electron microprobe composition, inclusions homogenization temperature, salinity and vapor composition and laser carbon and oxygen isotope of diagenetic mineral, and regional geological background. Diagenetic fluid evolution sequence is analyzed on this basis. The crystalline dolomite cement has a low concerntration of Sr, high concerntration of Mn and higher carbon isotope, showing that the crystalline dolomite is affected by meteoric fresh water, associated with the tectonic uplift of late Cretaceous. Similar δ13CPDB, negative transfer of δ18OPDB and the differentiation of the concerntration of Fe and Mn indicate that the diagenetic fluid of the vein dolomite cement is homologous with the diagenetic fluid of the crystalline dolomite cement, temperature and depth are the dominant factors of differential precipitation between these two carbonate cements. Anhydrite cements have high concerntration of Na, extremely low concerntration of Fe and Mn contents. Based on these data, anhydrite cements can be thought to be related to the alkaline fluid overlying gypsum-salt layer produced by dehydration. The barite vein has abnormally high concerntration of Sr, ultra-high homogenization temperature and high-density gas hydrocarbon inclusions, which is speculated to be the forward fluid by intrusion of late natural gas. Coexistence of methane inclusions with CO2 gas proves existence of acid water during the accumulation of natural gas in the late stages. Therefore, the alkaline environment and associated diagenesis between the meteoric fresh water in epidiagentic stage and carbonic acid in the late diagenesis have dominated the process of diagenesis and reservoir, the secondary porosity and fracture zone formed by gas accumulation is a favorable play for the exploration of ultra-deep reservoirs.

摘要

为了恢复超深层白垩系巴什基奇克组成岩流体类型与演化序列, 利用成岩矿物岩相学、 电子探针成分、 包裹体均一温度-盐度与气相成分、 激光碳氧同位素等技术手段, 结合区域地质背景, 确定了巴什基奇克组成岩流体演化序列。 第II期连晶状白云石胶结物表现出低 SrO、 高 MnO 含量和较重 C 同位素值, 证实了其形成受大气淡水的影响, 和晚白垩世构造抬升作用影响。 相似的 δ13C 值, 向负值迁移的 δ18O 值与 Fe、 Mn 元素分异特征, 说明脉状白云石胶结物与连晶状白云石胶结物沉淀的成岩流体具有继承性, 均具有大气水的地球化学标记, 成岩环境具有封闭性, 温度和埋深是这两阶段成岩环境变化的主导因素。 硬石膏的岩相学证据及其具有较高 Na、 极低 Fe 与 Mn 元素含量等特征, 表明硬石膏的沉淀流体与上覆膏盐层脱出碱性流体有关。 重晶石脉具有高异常 Sr 含量、 超高均一温度特征和高密度气烃包裹体, 推测是晚期天然气充注的前锋流体; 与甲烷包裹体共生 CO2 气体证实了晚期天然气成藏过程中存在酸性流体。 处于表生期大气水和晚期碳酸流体之间的碱性环境成岩作用控制了巴什基奇克组成岩-成储过程, 天然气成藏阶段形成的次生孔缝发育带是超深层储集层勘探的有利区带。

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Geosciences and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China

    Ling Li  (李玲), Hong-ming Tang  (唐洪明), Ji-jia Liao  (廖纪佳), Bai-long Qi  (齐柏隆), Feng Zhao  (赵峰) & Hao-xuan Tang  (唐浩轩)

  2. Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering, PetroChinaTarim Oilfield Company, Korla, 841000, China

    Xi Wang  (王茜)

  3. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (Southwest Petroleum University), Chengdu, 610500, China

    Lie-hui Zhang  (张烈辉)

  4. Development Department, PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla, 841000, China

    Wei Feng  (冯伟)

  5. Natural Gas Department, PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla, 841000, China

    Lan Shi  (史澜)

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  1. Ling Li  (李玲)
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Correspondence to Hong-ming Tang  (唐洪明).

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Foundation item: Projects(51674211, 51534006) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China

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Li, L., Tang, Hm., Wang, X. et al. Evolution of diagenetic fluid of ultra-deep Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Kuqa depression. J. Cent. South Univ. 25, 2472–2495 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-018-3930-5

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