Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mechanical properties and energy mechanism of saturated sandstones

饱水粗砂岩力学特性及能量机制

  • Published:
Journal of Central South University Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effects of saturation on post-peak mechanical properties and energy features are main focal points for sandstones. To obtain these important attributes, post-peak cyclic loading and unloading tests were conducted on sandstone rock samples under natural and saturated states using the RMT-150B rock mechanics testing system. After successful processing of these tests, comparisons of stress-strain, strength, deformation, damage, and degradation of mechanical properties, wave velocity, and energy features of sandstone were conducted between natural and saturated states. The results show that saturation has evident weakening effects on uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading strength and elastic modulus of post-peak fracture sandstone. With the increase of post-peak loading and unloading period, the increases in amplitude of peak axial, lateral, and volumetric strains are all enhanced at approximately constant speed under the natural state. The increase in amplitude of axial peak strain is also enhanced at approximately constant speed, while the amplitudes of lateral and volumetric peak strains increase significantly under the saturated state. Compared with the natural state, the increase in amplitude of saturated samples’ peak lateral and volumetric strains, and the post-peak cyclic loading and unloading period all conform to the linearly increasing relationship. Under natural and saturated states, the damage factor (the plastic shear strain) of each rock sample gradually increases with the increase of post-peak cyclic loading and unloading period, and the crack damage stress of each rock sample declines rapidly at first and tends to reach a constant value later with the increase in plastic shear strain. Under natural and saturated states, the wave velocities of rock samples all decrease in the process of post-peak cyclic loading and unloading with the increase in plastic shear strain. The wave velocities of rock samples and plastic shear strain conform to the exponential relationship with a constant. Saturation reduces the total absorption energy, dissipated energy, and elastic strain energy of rock samples.

摘要

本文研究了饱水对粗砂岩峰后力学特性及能量机制的影响。为了获得这些重要的属性,采用 RMT-150B 型岩石力学试验系统对自然与饱水状态的粗砂岩岩样进行峰后循环加、卸载试验。在对这 些试验进行成功处理后,对比研究自然与饱水状态下粗砂岩的应力-应变、强度、变形、损伤及劣化 力学特性和波速、能量特性。试验结果表明:饱水对峰后破裂粗砂岩单轴循环加、卸载强度和弹性模 量具有明显的弱化作用;随着峰后循环加、卸载周期的增加,自然状态下,峰值轴向、侧向和体积应 变增幅均近似为等速率增加,饱水状态下,轴向峰值应变增幅近似等速率增加,而侧向、体积应变增 幅均显著增加;饱水后粗砂岩试样峰值侧向应变、体积应变相对自然状态下的增幅与峰后循环加、卸 载周期之间均符合线性函数递增关系;在自然与饱水状态下,各岩样的损伤因子(塑性剪切应变)随 着峰后循环加、卸载周期的增加而逐渐增加,各岩样裂隙损伤应力随其塑性剪切应变的增加先期快速 衰减,之后裂隙损伤应力近似趋于某一恒定值;随着峰后循环加、卸载周期的增加,岩样承载结构累 计损伤程度不断提高,相应地其力学参数不断劣化衰减;自然与饱水状态岩样在峰后循环加、卸载过 程中的波速均随着塑性剪切应变的增加而减小,两者之间均符合带有常数项的指数函数关系。饱水降 低了岩样的总吸收能量、耗散能及弹性应变能。

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. DIERING D H. Ultra-deep level mining: Future requirements [J]. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 1997, 97(6): 249–255.

    Google Scholar 

  2. GURTUNCA R G, KEYNOTE L. Mining below 3000 m and challenges for the South African gold mining industry [C]//Proceedings Mechanics of Jointed and Fractured Rock. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1998: 3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  3. DIERING D H. Tunnels under pressure in an ultra-deep Wifwatersrand gold mine [J]. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2000, 100(6): 319–324.

    Google Scholar 

  4. VOGEL M, ANDRAST H P. Alp transit-safety in construction as a challenge, health and safety aspects in very deep tunnel construction [J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 2000, 15(4): 481–484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. JOHNSON R A S. Mining at ultra-depth, evaluation of alternatives [C]//Proceedings of the 2nd North America Rock Mechanics Symposium. Montreal: NARMS’ 96, 1996: 359–366.

    Google Scholar 

  6. HE Man, XIE He, PENG Su, JIANG Yao. Study on rock mechanics in deep mining engineering [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005, 24(16): 2803–2813. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  7. HE Man. The theory and practices of soft rock roadway support in China [M]. Beijing: China University of Mining and Technology Press, 1996. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  8. ZHANG Nong, LI Xi, ZHENG Xi, XUE Fei. Deep mining of coal resources present situation and the technical challenges [C]//Mining technology of kilometer deep well in the national coal. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology Press, 2013: 2–23. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  9. HE Man. Present state and perspective of rock mechanics in deep mining engineering [C]//Proceedings of the 8th Rock Mechanics and Engineering Conference. Beijing: Science Press, 2004: 88–94. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  10. QIAN Qi. The current development of nonlinear rock mechanics: The mechanics problems of deep rock mass [C]//Proceedings of the 8th Rock Mechanics and Engineering Conference. Beijing: Science Press, 2004: 10–17. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  11. CELIK M Y, ERGIIL A. The influence of the water saturation on the strength of volcanic tuffs used as building stones [J]. Environ Earth Sci, 2015, 74(4): 3223–3239. DOI: 10.1007/s12665-015-4359-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. CHENG Jing, WAN Zhi, ZHANG Yi, LI Wen, PENG S S, ZHANG Peng. Experimental study on anisotropic strength and deformation behavior of a coal measure shale under room dried and water saturated conditions [J]. Shock and Vibration, 2015, 2015(5): 1–13. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/290293.

    Google Scholar 

  13. DUDA M, RENNER J. The weakening effect of water on the brittle failure strength of sandstone [J]. Geophys J Int, 2013, 192(3): 1091–1108. DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggs090.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. HASHIBA K, FUKUI K. Effect of water on the deformation and failure of rock in uniaxial tension [J]. Rock Mech Rock Eng, 2015, 48(5): 1751–1761. DOI: 10.1007/s00603-014-0674-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. SHI Xiang, CAI Wu, MENG Ying, LI Gao, WEN Ke, ZHANG Yun. Weakening laws of rock uniaxial compressive strength with consideration of water content and rock porosity [J]. Arab J Geosci, 2016, 9(5): 369–375. DOI: 10.1007/s12517-016-2426-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. LIU Lang, WANG Ge, CHEN Jian, YANG Shan. Creep experiment and rheological model of deep saturated rock [J]. Transaction of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2013, 23(2): 478–483. DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(13)62488-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. ZHAO Yi, LIU Shi, JIANG Yao, WANG Kai, HUANG Ya. Dynamic tensile strength of coal under dry and saturated conditions [J]. Rock Mech Rock Eng, 2016, 49(5): 1709–1720. DOI: 10.1007/s00603-015-0849-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. CHEN Tian, YAO Qiang, WEI Fei, CHONG Zhao, ZHOU Jian, WANG Chang, LI Jing. Effects of water intrusion and loading rate on mechanical properties of and crack propagation in coal-rock combinations [J]. Journal of central South University, 2017, 24(2): 423–431. DOI: 10.1007/s11771-017-3444-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. LIU Jian, XIE He, HOU Zheng, YANG Chun, CHEN Liang. Damage evolution of rock salt under cyclic loading in uniaxial tests [J]. Acta Geotechnica, 2014, 9(1): 153–160. DOI: 10.1007/s11440-013-0236-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. AKESSON U, HANSSON J, STIGH J. Characterisation of microcracks in the Bohus granite, western Sweden, caused by uniaxial cyclic loading [J]. Engineering Geology, 2004, 72(1): 131–142. DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2003.07.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. LIU Xue, NING Jian, TAN Yun, GU Qing. Damage constitutive model based on energy dissipation for intact rock subjected to cyclic loading [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Science, 2016, 85: 27–32. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2016.03.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. ROBERTS L A, BUCHHOLZ S A, MELLEGARD K D, DUSTERLOH U. Cyclic loading effects on the creep and dilation of salt rock [J]. Rock Mech Rock Eng, 2015, 48(6): 2581–2590. DOI: 10.1007/s00603-015-0845-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. LIANG Wei, ZHANG Chuan, GAO Hong, YANG Xiao, XU Su, ZHAO Yang. Experiments on mechanical properties of salt rocks under cyclic loading [J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2012, 4(1): 54–61. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1235.2012.00054.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. MA Lin, LIU Xin, WANG Ming, XU Hong, HUA Rui, FAN Peng, JIANG Shen, WANG Guo, YI Qi. Experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of rock salt under triaxial cyclic loading [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 2013, 62(9): 34–41. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2013.04.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. FUENKAJORN K, PHUEAKPHUM D. Effects of cyclic loading on mechanical properties of Maha Sarakham salt [J]. Engineering Geology, 2010, 112(1): 43–52. DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.01.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. LIU En, HUANG Run, HE Si. Effects of frequency on the dynamic properties of intact rock samples subjected to cyclic loading under confining pressure conditions [J]. Rock Mech Rock Eng, 2012, 45(1): 89–102. DOI: 10.1007/s00603-011-0185-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. FATHI A, MORADIAN Z, RIVARD P, BALLIVY G. Shear mechanism of rock joints under pre-peak cyclic loading condition [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 2016, 83: 197–210. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2016.01.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. BAGDE M N, PETROS V. Fatigue properties of intact sandstone samples subjected to dynamic uniaxial cyclical loading [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 2005, 42(2): 237–250. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms. 2004.08.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. WANG Han, GAO Yan, LI Shu. Uniaxial experiment study on mechanical properties of reinforced broken rock pre-and-post grouting [J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2007, 3(1): 27–31, 39. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  30. YANG Mi, HE Yong. On the strength of broken rock [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 1998, 17(4): 379–385. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  31. MARTIN C D, CHANDLER N A. The progressive fracture of Lac du Bonnet granite [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics, 1994, 31(6): 643–659.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. ZHAO Xing, LI Peng, MA Li, SU Rui, WANG Ju. Damage and dilation characteristics of deep granite at Beishan under cyclic loading-unloading conditions [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2014, 33(9): 1740–1748. DOI: 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2014.09.002. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  33. XIE He, JU Yang, LI Li. Criteria for strength and structural failure of rocks based on energy dissipation and energy release principles [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005, 24(17): 3003–3010. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  34. GUO Jia, LIU Xi, QIAO Chun. Experimental study of mechanical properties and energy mechanism of karst limestone under natural and saturated states [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2014, 33(2): 296–308. DOI: 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2014.02.005. (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China

    Shuang-jian Niu  (牛双建), Shuang-shuang Ge  (葛双双), Yuan-heng Dang  (党元恒) & Sheng Zhang  (张盛)

  2. Fujian Research Center for Tunneling and Urban Underground Space Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China

    Shuang-jian Niu  (牛双建) & Jin Yu  (俞缙)

  3. Shenzhen Road and Bridge Construction Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518028, China

    Shuang-jian Niu  (牛双建)

  4. School of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, China

    Da-fang Yang  (杨大方)

Authors
  1. Shuang-jian Niu  (牛双建)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shuang-shuang Ge  (葛双双)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Da-fang Yang  (杨大方)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yuan-heng Dang  (党元恒)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jin Yu  (俞缙)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sheng Zhang  (张盛)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Da-fang Yang  (杨大方).

Additional information

Foundation item: Projects(51304068, 51674101, 51374112) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(17FTUE03) supported by the Fujian Research Center for Tunneling and Urban Underground Space Engineering (Huaqiao University), China; Project(2018M632574) supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Niu, Sj., Ge, Ss., Yang, Df. et al. Mechanical properties and energy mechanism of saturated sandstones. J. Cent. South Univ. 25, 1447–1463 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-018-3839-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-018-3839-z

Key words

关键词

Search

Navigation