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Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from soil through desorption using citric acid: Kinetic and equilibrium studies

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Abstract

The desorption test was conducted to evaluate the desorption behavior of Pb(II) and Cd(II) using citric acid. The influential factors that were considered included initial Pb(II), Cd(II) contamination levels in soil, concentration of citric acid, reaction time, soil pH value and ionic strength. The test results indicated that the desorption was a rapid reaction (less than 6 h), and the removal percentages of Cd(II) and Pb(II) increased with the increasing contamination levels, concentration of citric acid and the addition of Na+, Ca2+, Cl–. However, the desorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) decreased with the addition of SO4 2– because of the precipitation in the form of MSO4(s). The high pH condition indicated a negative effect on Pb(II) desorption. The removal percentage decreased from 71.39% to 10.9% as pH increased from 2 to 10.8. The desorption behavior predicted by Visual MINTEQ was in good agreement with the experimental testing result. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and N2-BET adsorption test demonstrated that the desorption behavior of heavy metals (i.e., Pb(II) and Cd(II)) was controlled by the affinity of sorption sites for heavy metals, the competition of H+, Ca2+, Na+, Cl– and the chelating of organic ligands.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Rail Transportation, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China

    Qiang Tang  (唐强), Ting Zhou  (周婷) & Jia-ming Chu  (褚嘉明)

  2. Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China

    Qiang Tang  (唐强)

  3. Jiangsu Research Center for Geotechnical Engineering Technology, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China

    Qiang Tang  (唐强)

  4. Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    Fan Gu  (顾凡)

  5. Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China

    Yan Wang  (王艳)

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  1. Qiang Tang  (唐强)
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Correspondence to Qiang Tang  (唐强).

Additional information

Foundation item: Projects(51708377, 51678311) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(BK20170339) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China; Project(2016M591756) supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Project(17KJB560008) supported by the Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province, China; Project(1601175C) supported by the Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds, China; Project(2016ZD18) supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, China; Project(2016T05) supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Transport Bureau, China; Project(2017A610304) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City, China; Project supported by the Bureau of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of Suzhou, China

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Tang, Q., Zhou, T., Gu, F. et al. Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from soil through desorption using citric acid: Kinetic and equilibrium studies. J. Cent. South Univ. 24, 1941–1952 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-017-3602-x

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