Abstract
Based on particle flow theory, the influences of the magnitude and direction of the intermediate principal stress on failure mechanism of hard rock with a pre-existing circular opening were studied by carrying out true triaxial tests on siltstone specimen. It is shown that peak strength of siltstone specimen increases firstly and subsequently decreases with the increase of the intermediate principal stress. And its turning point is related to the minimum principal stress and the direction of the intermediate principal stress. Failure characteristic (brittleness or ductility) of siltstone is determined by the minimum principal stress and the difference between the intermediate and minimum principal stress. The intermediate principal stress has a significant effect on the types and distributions of microcracks. The failure modes of the specimen are determined by the magnitude and direction of the intermediate principal stress, and related to weakening effect of the opening and inhibition effect of confining pressure in essence: when weakening effect of the opening is greater than inhibition effect of confining pressure, the failure surface is parallel to the x axis (such as σ 2=σ 3=0 MPa); conversely, the failure surface is parallel to the z axis (such as σ 2=20 MPa, σ 3=0 MPa).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
SINGH B, GOEL R K, MEHROTRA V K, GARG S K, ALLU M R. Effect of intermediate principal stress on strength of anisotropic rock mass [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 1998, 13(1): 71–79.
CAI M. Influence of intermediate principal stress on rock fracturing and strength near excavation boundaries-insight from numerical modeling [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 2008, 45(5): 763–772.
HAIMSON B, RUDNICKI J W. The effect of the intermediate principal stress on fault formation and fault angle in siltstone [J]. Journal of Structural Geology, 2010, 32(11): 1701–1711.
ZHOU X P, BAO X R, YU M H, XIE Q. Triaxial stress state of cylindrical openings for rocks modeled by elastoplasticity and strength criterion [J]. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 2010, 53(1): 65–73.
YOU Ming-qing. True-triaxial strength criteria for rock [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 2009, 46(1): 115–127.
PAN Peng-zhi, FENG Xia-ting, HUDSON J A. The influence of the intermediate principal stress on rock failure behavior: A numerical study [J]. Engineering Geology, 2012, 124(4): 109–118.
FAKHIMI A, CARVALHO F, ISHIDA T, LABUZ J F. Simulation of failure around a circular opening in rock [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 2002, 39(4): 507–515.
WANG S Y, SLOAN S W, SHENG D C, TANG C A. Numerical analysis of the failure process around a circular opening in rock [J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2012, 39(1): 8–16.
LI Di-yuan, LI Xi-bing, LI C C, WONG L N Y. Experimental and numerical studies of mechanical response of plate-shape granite samples containing prefabricated holes under uniaxial compression [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2011, 30(6): 1198–1206. (in Chinese)
LIU Zhao-wei, LI Yuan-hai. Experimental investigation on the deformation and crack behavior of rock specimen with a hole undergoing uniaxial compressive load [J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2010, 27(8): 133–139. (in Chinese)
XIE Lin-mao, ZHU Wan-cheng, WANG Shu-hong, NIU Lei-lei. Three-dimensional parallel computing on failure process of rock specimen with a pre-existing circular opening [J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2011, 33(9): 1447–1455. (in Chinese)
YANG Sheng-qi, LU Chao-hui, QU Tao. Investigations of crack expansion in marble having a single pre-existing hole: Experiment and simulations [J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2009, 38(6): 774–781. (in Chinese)
CUNDALL P A, STRACK O D L. A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies [J]. Geotechnique, 1979, 29(1): 47–65.
POTYONDY D O, CUNDALL P A. A bonded-particle model for rock [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 2004, 41(8): 1329–1364.
Itasca. Particle flow code, PFC3D, release 3.1 [M]. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Itasca Consulting Group, Inc.; 2005.
CHO N, MARTIN C D, SEGO D C. A clumped particle model for rock [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 2007, 44(7): 997–1010.
YOON Jeoungseok. Application of experimental design and optimization to PFC model calibration in uniaxial compression simulation [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Science, 2007, 44(6): 871–889.
WANG Yuan-nian, TONON F. Calibration of a discrete element model for intact up to its peak strength [J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 2010, 34(5): 447–469.
TAWADROUS A S, DEGAGNÉ D, PIERCE M, MAS IVARS D. Prediction of uniaxial compression PFC3D model micro-properties using artificial neural networks [J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 2009, 33(18): 1953–1962.
COLMENARES L B, ZOBACK M D. A statistical evaluation of intact rock failure criteria constrained by polyaxial test data for five different rocks [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 2002, 39(6): 695–729.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Foundation item: Project(51021004) supported by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, Sr., Sun, B., Wang, C. et al. Influence of intermediate principal stress on failure mechanism of hard rock with a pre-existing circular opening. J. Cent. South Univ. 21, 1571–1582 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-014-2098-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-014-2098-x