Abstract
The effects of different habits of the drivers on gear shifting strategies for manual powertrain were investigated. For the realization of simulation, the shifting habits of the drivers were conducted in the Advisor software to investigate and compare the emission rates. Simulation was developed based on the optimal gear shifting strategy and criteria and was validated both in fuel economy and emissions by analyzing the results in the various driving cycle and driving styles. To explore an optimal gear shifting strategy with best fuel economy and lowest emission for a manual transmission, a strategy was designed with a highest possible gear criterion as long as the torque requirement can be satisfied. Based on two different criteria, namely the engine working conditions and the driver’s intention, the governing parameters in decision making for gear shifting of manual transmission in conventional engine were discussed. It is also shown that the optimum gear shifting strategy is based on that both the engine state and the driver’s intention eliminates unnecessary shiftings that are present when the intention is overlooked. The optimum shifting habit and the best driving cycle in terms of minimum emissions and fuel consumption were proposed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
FUHS A. Hybrid vehicles and the future of personal transportation [M]. Bocka Raton: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 2009.
CHEAH L, EVANS C, BANDIVADEKAR A, HEYWOOD J. Factor of two: Halving the fuel consumption of new U.S. Automobiles by 2035 [R]. Laboratory for Energy and Environment Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Publication, No. LFEE 2007-04 RP, 2007.
PLOTKIN S E. Examining fuel economy and carbon standards for light vehicles [R]. Joint Transport Research Centre, 2007.
Ford company. Improving fuel economy. [EB/OL]. http://corporate.ford.com.
ZHENG C H, LIM W S, CHA S W. Performance optimization of CVT for two-wheeled vehicles [J]. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2011, 12(3): 461–468.
WALKER P D, ZHANG N. Modelling of dual clutch transmission equipped powertrains for shift transient simulations [J]. Journal of Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2013, 60, 47–59.
WALKER P D, ZHANG N, TAMBA R. Control of gear shifts in dual clutch transmission powertrains [J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 2011, 25: 1923–1936.
SHIM T, ZHANG Y. Effects of transient powertrain shift dynamics on vehicle handling [J]. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 2006, 40: 159–174.
KIENCKE U, NIELSON L. Automotive Control Systems [M]. Berlin: Springer, 2005: 301–349.
SERRARENS A, DASSEN M, STEINBUCH M. Simulation and control of an automotive dry clutch [C]// Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Boston, USA, 2004, 4078–4083.
ZHONG Zai-min, KONG Guo-ling, YU Zhuo-ping, CHEN Xin-b, CHEN Xue-ping, Xin Xiang-yan. Concept evaluation of a novel gear selector for automated manual transmissions [J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2012, 31: 316–331.
SEBASTIAN K, DIETER B. Optimal shift control for automatic transmission [J]. Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2013, 41: 259–273..
JO Han-Sang, PARK Yeong-Ii, LEE J TANAKA H, WADA H, Fuzzy control of clutch engagement for automated manual transmission [J]. Vehicle Syst Dyn, 1995, 24: 365–376.
JO Han-sang, PARK Yeong-Il, LEE Jang-Moo, LEE Hyeoun-Dong, SU Seung-Ki. Development of an advanced shift control algorithm for a hybrid vehicle with automated manual transmission [J]. Heavy Vehicle Syst, 2000, 7: 281–298.
CAO Gui-jun, Ge An-lin, ZHENG Lei, QIN Gui-he. Clutch engagement control during gear shifting process in automated manual transmission [J]. Chin. J. Mech. Eng. 2005, 41: 234–238.
JO Han-sang, JO Sung-tae, LEE Jang-moo, DARK Yeong-il. Analysis of the shift characteristics of an automated manual transmission in the parallel type hybrid drivetrain system of a transit bus [J]. Heavy Vehicle Syst. 2001, 8: 60–82.
YANG Zhi-gang, CAO Chang-xiu, SU Yu-gang. A method of optimal shift control based on pattern recognition and learning algorithm [C]// Proc. World Congr. Intelligent Control and Autom. Shanghai, 2002: 955–959.
LUCENTE G, MONTANARI M, ROSSI C. Hybrid optimal control of an automated manual transmission system [C]// IFAC Proc, CSIR International Convetion Centre, South Africa, 2007, 7: 958–963.
MASHADI B, KAZEMKHANI A, BAGHAEI-LAKEH R. An automatic gear-shifting strategy for manual transmission [J]. J. Systems and Control Engineering, 2007, 221: 757–768.
MOMIYAMA F, et al. Advantages in EE-Drive 2nd stage, automated mechanical transmission for commercial vehicles [J]. SAE Paper no. 872252.
HADLER J, METZNER F T, SCHÄFER M, GRÖHLICH H, JOHN M. The seven-speed dual clutch transmission from volkswagen [J]. ATZ worldwide, 2008, 110(6): 26–33.
HAJ-FRAJ A, PFEIFFER F. Optimization of gear shift operations in automatic transmissions [C]// Proceedings of 6th International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control. Nagora, Japan, 2000: 469–473.
BASTIAN S, TANO T, OYAMA T. ARNOULD, Fuzzy Logic Automatic Transmission Expert System [C]// Proceedings of 4th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy System. Yokohama, 1995: 5–6.
HAJ-FRAJ Ali, PFEIFFER F. Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of Automatic Transmission [C]// IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics. Atlanta, USA: IEEE Press, 1999: 1026–1031.
YUA Chih-Hsien, TSENGA Chyuan-Yow, CHANG Chih-Ming. Study on Power Train of Two Axles Four Wheel Drive Electric Vehicle [J]. Journal of Energy Procedia, 2012, 14: 1528–1535.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mashadi, B., Amiri-rad, Y., Afkar, A. et al. Simulation of automobile fuel consumption and emissions for various driver’s manual shifting habits. J. Cent. South Univ. 21, 1058–1066 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-014-2037-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-014-2037-x