Abstract
Fenton oxidation was used as the pretreatment of 2-chlorophenol wastewater with the objective of dechlorination, as it was considered that after breakage of aryl—Cl bond, the generated intermediates may be easily biodegraded. Hence, the optimization of pH and the low Fenton reagent doses for dechlorination was investigated. More than 99% dechlorination is obtained at the optimal pH 4 and the Fenton reagent doses of 86 mmol/L H2O2 and 2.87 mmol/L Fe2+. The corresponding 2-chlorophenol is degraded completely, 80.02% COD is also removed, and the biodegradability, evaluated in terms of the BOD5/COD ratio, is increased up to 0.41. To test the effect of this pretreatment, the pretreated 2-chlorophenol wastewater was fed to a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The results show that complete mineralization is achieved. It is demonstrated that, for the treatment of recalcitrant compounds like 2-chlorophenol, the Fenton pretreatment could be quite effective and economical for enhancing the biodegradability in a Fenton-biological coupled system.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
TAKEUCHI R, SUWA Y, YAMAGISHI T, YONEZAWA Y. Anaerobic transformation of chlorophenols in methanogenic sludge unexposed to chlorophenols [J]. Chemosphere, 2000, 41(9): 1457–1462.
LIU D, MAGUIRE R J, PACEPAVICIUS G, DUTKA B J. Biodegradation of recalcitrant chlorophenols by cometabolish [J]. Environment Toxicology and Water Quality, 1991, 6(1): 85–95.
DELIA T S, AYSEN U. Treatment of 2, 4-dichlorophenol (DCP) in a sequential anaerobic (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) aerobic (completely stirred tank) reactor system at increasing organic loading rates [J]. Desalination, 2006, 195(1/2/3): 235–250.
FIKRET K, SERKAN E. Toxicity and batch biodegradation kinetics of 2, 4-dichlorophenol by pure Pseudomonas putida culture [J]. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2004, 35(5): 424–428.
DELIA T S, CANAN C. Relationships between anaerobic consortia and removal efficiencies in an UASB reactor degrading 2, 4-dichlorophenol (DCP) [J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2008, 87(1): 177–192.
ERKAN S, FILIZ B D. Biodegradation of 4-CP and 2, 4-DCP mixture in a rotating biological contactor (RBC) [J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2006, 31(2): 141–147.
BAYARRI B, GIMENEZ J, CURCO D, ESPLUGAS S. Photocatalytic degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenol by TiO2/UV: Kinetics, actinometries and models [J]. Catalysis Today, 2005, 101(3/4): 227–236.
CANIZARES P, GARCIA J, SAEZ C. Electrochemical oxidation of several chlorophenols on diamond electrodes. Part I: Reaction mechanism [J]. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2003, 33(10): 917–927.
PI Yun-zheng, WANG Jian-long. The mechanism and pathway of the ozonation of 4-chlorophenol in aqueous solution [J]. Science in China Series B: Chemistry, 2006, 49(4): 379–384.
BUM G K, DONG S L, JEYONG Y. Characteristics of p-chlorophenol oxidation by Fenton’s reagent [J]. Water Research, 1999, 33(9): 2110–2118.
HONG S H, KWON B H, LEE J K, KIM I K. Degradation of 2-chlorophenol by Fenton and photo-Fenton processes [J]. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2008, 25(1): 46–52.
KAVITHA V, PALANIVELU K. Degradation of 2-chlorophenol by Fenton and photo-Fenton processes-A comparative study [J]. Toxic/Hazardous Substances Environmental Engineering, 2003, 38(7): 1215–1231.
SHAWAQFAH M. Use of titanium dioxide reaction for degradation of chlorophenol [J]. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 2010, 4(1): 31–39.
ESSAM T, ZILOUEI H, AMIN M A, EI T O. Sequential UV-biological degradation of chlorophenols [J]. Chemosphere, 2006, 63(2): 277–284.
RAO N N, DUBEY A K, MOHANTY S, KHARE P. Photocatalytic degradation of 2-chlorophenol: A study of kinetics, intermediates and biodegradability [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials B, 2003, 101(3): 301–304.
WANG Rui, CHEN Chen-loung. Dechlorination of chlorophenols found in pulp bleach plant E-1 effluents by advanced oxidation processes [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2005, 96(8): 897–906.
XU Xin-hua, ZHAO Wei-rong, HUANG Yan-qiao, WANG Da-hui. 2-chlorophenol oxidation kinetic by photo-assisted Fenton process [J]. Journal of Environmental Science, 2003, 15(4): 475–481.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Foundation item: Project(11JJ2031) supported by the Natural Science Fund of Hunan Province, China
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
He, Zb., Liu, Yg. & Xiao, Y. Optimization of Fenton pretreatment for 2-chlorophenol solution. J. Cent. South Univ. 20, 2791–2795 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-013-1798-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-013-1798-y