Abstract
In order to protect copyright of digital images, a new robust digital image watermarking algorithm based on chaotic system and QR factorization was proposed. The host images were firstly divided into blocks with same size, then QR factorization was performed on each block. Pseudorandom circular chain (PCC) generated by logistic mapping (LM) was applied to select the embedding blocks for enhancing the security of the scheme. The first column coefficients in Q matrix of chosen blocks were modified to embed watermarks without causing noticeable artifacts. Watermark extraction procedure was performed without the original cover image. The experimental results demonstrate that the watermarked images have good visual quality and this scheme is better than the existing techniques, especially when the image is attacked by cropping, noise pollution and so on. Analysis and discussion on robustness and security issues were also presented.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
HO A T S, ZHU X Z, SHEN J, MARZILIANO P. Fragile watermarking based on encoding of the zeroes of the z-transform [J]. IEEE Trans on Information Forensics and Security, 2008, 3(3): 567–569.
PHAN R C W. Tampering with a watermarking-based image authentication scheme [J]. Pattern Recognition, 2008, 41(11): 3493–3496.
NI Rong-rong, RUAN Qiu-qi, ZHAO Yao. Pinpoint authentication watermarking based on a chaotic system [J]. Forensic Science International, 2008, 179(1): 5 4–62.
SONG Wei, HOU Jian-jun, LI Zhao-hong. SVD and pseudorandom circular chain based watermarking for image authentication [J]. Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University, 2008, 32(2): 71–75. (in Chinese)
ALTUN O, SHARMA G, CELIK M U, BOCKO F M. A set theoretic framework for watermarking and its application to semi-fragile tamper detection[J]. IEEE Trans on Information Forensics & Security, 2006, 1(4): 479–492.
MAHDIAN B, SAIC S. Blind authentication using periodic properties of interpolation [J]. IEEE Trans on Information Forensics & Security, 2008, 3(3): 529–538.
SANG Jun, MOHAMMAD S A. Fragility and robustness of binary-phase-only-filter-based fragile/semi-fragile digital image watermarking [J]. IEEE Trans on Instrument & Measurement, 2008, 57(3): 595–606.
ZHANG Hong-bin, YANG Chen. Image authentication scheme based on JPEG invariant and semi-fragile watermarking [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2004, 30(2): 214–218. (in Chinese)
SUN Rui, SUN Hong, YAO Tian-ren. A SVD and quantization based semi-fragile watermarking technique for image authentication [C]// Proc IEEE ICSP2002, 6th Internal Conference on Signal Processing. Beijing: IEEE, 2002: 1952–1955.
ZHU Cong-xu, CHEN Zhi-gang. A novel spatial domain digital watermarking algorithm based on chaotic map [J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology: Science and Technology, 2005, 36(2): 272–276. (in Chinese)
CHANG Chin-chen, TSAI Piyu, LIN Chia-chen. SVD-based digital image watermarking scheme [J]. Pattern Recognition Letters, 2005, 26(6): 1577–1586.
TSUI T K, ZHANG Xiao-ping, ANDROUTSOS D. Color image watermarking using multidimensional Fourier transforms [J]. IEEE Trans on Information Forensics & Security, 2008, 3(1): 16–26.
BRIASSOULI A, STRINTZIS M G. Locally optimum nonlinearities for DCT watermark detection [J]. IEEE Trans on Image Processing, 2004, 13(12): 1604–1617.
BYUN K, LEE S, KIM H A. A watermarking method using quantization and statistical characteristics of wavelet transform [C]// Proc IEEE PDCAT2005, Sixth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies. Dalian: IEEE, 2006: 689–693.
LI En-ping, LIANG Hua-qing. Blind image watermarking scheme based on wavelet tree quantization robust to geometric attacks [C]// Proc IEEE WCICA2006, Sixth World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation. Dalian: IEEE, 2006: 10256–10260.
LIN Wei-hung, HORONG Shi-jinn, KAO Tzong-wann, FAN Ping-zhi, LEE Cheng-ling, PAN Yi. An efficient watermarking method based on significant difference of wavelet coefficient quantization [J]. IEEE Trans on Multimedia, 2008, 10(5): 746–757.
KANG Xian-gui. HUANG Ji-wu. ZENG Wen-jun. Improving robustness of quantization-based image watermarking via adaptive recover [J]. IEEE Trans on Multimedia, 2008, 10(6): 953–959.
ZHU Cong-xu, CHEN Zhi-gang. A security multipurpose image watermarking system model and algorithm [J]. Journal of Image and Graphics, 2008, 13(5): 894–899. (in Chinese)
AHN C J. Parallel detection algorithm using multiple QR decompositions with permuted channel matrix for SDM/OFDM [J]. IEEE Trans on Vehicular Technology, 2008, 57(4): 2578–2582.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Foundation item: Project(2007AA01Z241-2) supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of China; Project(2006XM002) supported by Beijing Jiaotong University Science Foundation, China; Project(0910KYZY55) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University in China
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Song, W., Hou, Jj., Li, Zh. et al. Chaotic system and QR factorization based robust digital image watermarking algorithm. J. Cent. South Univ. Technol. 18, 116–124 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-011-0668-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-011-0668-8