Abstract
The sintering behavior of NiFe2O4-10NiO/xNi cermet which was used as the most prospective inert anode materials for aluminum electrolysis was studied by examining the effects of raw powder particle size, sintering temperature, and the contents of Ni. The results show that fine particle size enables the powder to have high driving force for sintering. High temperature is beneficial to densification, but the ultra-high temperature does harm to the improvement of the density. The samples of NiFe2O4-10NiO/5Ni has the highest relative density of 97. 28% when it is sintered at 1 350 °C, but it decreases to 95. 23% when sintered at 1 400 °C. Low addition of Ni has a great help to the sintering of NiFe2O4-10NiO matrix. When the samples are sintered at 1 350 °C and the mass fraction of Ni is 5%, the highest relative density is gained, but the density decreases with the further increase of Ni contents. The low density of the sintered samples of NiFe2O4-10NiO/17Ni is attributed to the high volume fraction of pores.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sadoway D R. Inert anodes for the Hall Heroult cell: The ultimate materials challenge[J]. JOM, 2001, 53(5): 34–35.
Pawlek R P. Inert anodes: an update[C]// Wolfang S. Light Metals. Warrendale: TMS, 2002. 449–456.
Pawlek R P. Inert anodes for the primary aluminum industry: an update[C]// HalE W R, Light Metals. Warreudale: TMS, 1996: 243–248.
LIU Ye-xiang. Progress of investigation and development on inert anodes and wettable cathodes in aluminum electrolysis[J]. Light Metals, 2001, (5): 26–29. (in Chinese)
Peterson R D, Richards N E, Tabereaux A T. Results of 100 h electrolysis test of a cermet anode: Operational results and industry perspective [C]// Christian M B. Light Metals. Warrendale: TMS, 1990: 385–393.
Jentoftsen T E, Lorentsen O A, Dewing E W, et al. Solubility of iron and nickel oxides in cryolite-alumina melts[C]// Anjier J L. Light melts. Warrendale: TMS, 2001: 455–461.
Mcleod A D, Lihrman J M, Haggerty J S, et al. Selection and testing of inert anode materials for hall cells [C]//. Zabreznik R D. Light metals. Warrendale: TMS, 1987: 357–365.
de Young D H. Sulubilities of oxides for inert anodes in cryolite-based melts[C]// Miller R E. Light Metals. Warrendale: TMS, 1986: 299–307.
ZHANG Lei, ZHOU Ke-chao, LI Zhi-you, et al. Effect of atmosphere on densification in sintering nickel ferrite ceramic for aluminum electrolysis[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2004, 14(6):1002–1006. (in Chinese)
XIONG Wei-hao, ZHOU Feng-yun, LI Guo-an, et al. Influence of powder particle size on the structure and properties of Ti(C, N)-based cermets[J]. J Huazhong Univ of Sci & Tech, 1995, 23(13): 37–41. (in Chinese)
HUANG Pei-yun. Powder metallurgical principle(edited) [M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industrial Press, 1997. (in Chinese)
GUO Shi-ju. Theory of powder sintering[M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industrial Press, 1998. (in Chinese)
QIN Qing-wei, LAI Yan-qing, ZHANG Gang, et al. Solid state reaction synthesis of Ni(1−x )Zn x Fe2O4 spinel used as matrix of inert anodes in aluminum electrolysis[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2003, 13 (3): 769–773. (in Chinese)
Coble R L. Sintering crystalline solids: Intermediate and final state diffusion models[J]. J Appl Phys, 1961, 32 (5): 787–792.
Coble R L. Sintering crystalline solids: Experimental test of diffusion models in powder compacts[J]. J App I Phys, 1961; 32 (5): 793–799.
Slamovich E B, Lange F F. Densification of large pores: II, Driving potentials and kinetics[J]. J Am Ceram Soc, 1993, 76(6): 1584–1590.
Shi J L, Gao J H, Lin Z X, et al. Sintering behavior of fully agglomerated ultrafine zirconia powder compacts[J]. J Am Ceram Soc, 1991, 74 (5): 994–997.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Foundation item: Project (2005CB623703) supported by the National Key Fundamental Research and Development Program of China
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, L., Li, Zy., Zhou, Kc. et al. Sintering of the NiFe2O4-10NiO/xNi cermet. J Cent. South Univ. Technol. 13, 332–336 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-006-0044-2
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-006-0044-2