Abstract
A systematic terahertz spectroscopy study of the mineral phase transformation process of natural pyrite samples heated in a nitrogen atmosphere is conducted. In addition, the pyrolysis process of pyrite in the 400 °C–800 °C temperature range is analyzed and discussed. This study is based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric-derivative thermogravimetric (TG-DTG) analysis of the corresponding thermal transformation sequences of pyrite, magnetopyrite, and sulfurous pyrite as the desulfurization process proceeds. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is employed to characterize the optical properties of the pyrolysis products. The results show that pyrite, magnetopyrite and sulfurous pyrite exhibit different absorption coefficients and refractive indices in the terahertz frequency band. The different optical properties of these products provide useful information for the investigation of the pyrolysis process of pyrite and the magnetic properties of environmental sediments.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amarasinghe, Y., Zhang, W., and Zhang, R., et al, 2020, Scattering of Terahertz Waves by Snow: J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves, 41, 215–224.
Bao, R. M., Meng Q., Wang, C. L., Cai, T. Y., Dong, C., Zhan, H. L., Miao, X. Y., Feng, C. J., Zhang, L.Y., and Xiao, L. Z., 2015, Terahertz spectroscopic characteristics of the geological diagenetic and metallogenic evolution: Scientia sinica. 45, 084203.
Bao, R. M., Qin, F. K., Chen, R., Chen, S. T., Zhan, H. L., Zhao, K., and Yue, W. Z., 2019, Optical detection of oil bearing in reservoir rock: Terahertz spectroscopy investigation: IEEE Access. 7, 121755–121759.
Bhargava, S. K., Garg, A., and Subasinghe, N. D., 2009, In situ high-temperature phase transformation studies on pyrite: Fuel, 88, 988–993.
Chen, C., Liu, J. S., Yao, J. Q., Wang, S. L., and Wang, Y. G., 2015, Spectroscopy studies on several kinds of sendimentary rocks in the terahertz range: Scientia sinica, 45, 084206.
Chinchón-Payá, S., Aguado, A., Chinchón S., 2012, A comparative investigation of the degradation of pyrite and pyrrhotite under simulated laboratory conditions: Engineering Geology. 127, 75–80.
Hao, S. S., Huang, H. H., Ma, Y. Y., Liu, S. J., Zhang, Z. L., and Zheng, Z. Z., 2020, Sensitive characterizations of natural dolomite by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy: Optics Communications. 456, 124524.
Huang, H., et al., 2019, Continuous-wave terahertz high-resolution imaging via synthetic hologram extrapolation method using pyroelectric detector: Opt. Laser Technol, 120, 105683.
Huang, H., et al., 2023, Spozmai Panezai;Kunfeng Qiu. Free Field of View Infrared Digital Holography for Mineral Crystallization. Crystal Growth & Design, 23, 7992–8008.
Jin W. J., Zhao K., Yang C., Xu C. H., Ni H., Chen S. H., 2013, Experimental measurements of water content in crude oil emulsions by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy: Applied Geophysics, 513, 506–509.
Kim, S., Park, T., and Lee, W., 2015, Enhanced reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene by nano-sized mackinawite with cyanocobalamin in a highly alkaline condition: Journal of Environmental Management. 151, 378–385.
Leili, A. H., Elnaz, A., Arash, T., Taymaz, H., Azar, A., and Reza, E, 2020, Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging: A review on agricultural applications: Computers & Electronics in Agriculture, 177, 105628.
Li, H. Y., Zhang, S. H., 2005, Detection of mineralogical changes in pyrite using measurements of temperature-dependence susceptibilities, Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 48, 1384–1391.
Li, X. N., Tong, W. S., and Song, W. T., et al, 2023, Performance of tribocatalysis and tribo-photocatalysis of pyrite under agitation: Journal of Cleaner Production. 414, 137566.
Li, Y. B., Peng, Y., and Wei, Z. L., 2023, Crystal face-dependent pyrite oxidation: An electrochemical study: Applied Surface Science, 619, 156687.
Liu, H. B., Zhong, H., Karpowicz, N., Chen, Y. Q., and Zhang, X. C., 2008, Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging for defense and security applications: Proceedings of the IEEE, 95, 1514–1527.
Liu, J., Yang, T., Peng, Q., Yang, Y., Li, Y. W., and Wen, X.D., 2021, Theoretical exploration of the interaction between hydrogen and pyrite-type FeS2 surfaces: Applied Surface Science, 537, 147900.
Lu, W., Luo, H., He, L. X., Duan, E. X., Tao, Y. L., Wang, X. Y., and Li, S.S., 2022, Detection of heavy metals in vegetable soil based on THz spectroscopy: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 197, 106923.
Ma, Y. Y., et al., Characteristics of the lapis chloriti analyzed by the terahertz time-domain technology. in Tenth International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (ed. Yang, Y.) 41 (SPIE, 2018).
Mie, G., 1908, Beitrage zur Optik trüber Medien, speziell kolloidaler Metall’osungen, Ann. Phys.-Berlin, 330, 377–445.
Mu, Y., Peng, Y., and Lauten, R. A., 2015, Electrochemistry aspects of pyrite in the presence of potassium amyl xanthate and a lignosulfonate-based biopolymer depressant: Electrochimica Acta, 174, 133–142.
Rayleigh, L., 1871, On the light from the sky, its polarization and colour, Phil. Mag, 41, 107–120.
Ren, G. H., Zhu, Z. J., Zhang, J. B., Zhao, H. W., Li, Y. F., and Han, J.G., 2020, Broadband terahertz spectroscopy of paper and banknotes: Optics Communications, 475, 126267.
Roberts, A. P., Liu Q., Rowan C. J., et al, 2006, Characterization of hematite(α-Fe2O3), goethite(α-FeOOH), greigite(Fe3S4), and pyrrhotite(Fe7S8) using first-order reversal curve diagrams: J Geophys Res, 111, B12S35.
Schill, E., Appel, E., Gautam, P., 2002, Towards pyrrhotite/magnetite geothermometry in low-grade metamorphic carbonates of the Tethyan Himalayas (Shiar Khola, Central Nepal), Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 20, 195–201.
Shi, C. D., Zhu R. X., Suchy, V., Zeman, A., Guo, B., and Pan, Y. X., 2001, Identification and origins of iron sulfides in Czech loess: Geophysical Research Letters. 28, 3902–3906.
Shi, Y. D., Chen T. H., Li, P., Zhu, X., and Yang, Y., 2015, The phase transition of pyrite thermal decomposition in nitrogen gas: Geological Journal of China Universities, 21, 577–583.
Snowball, I., and Torii, M., 1999, Quaternary Climates, Incidence and significance of magnetic iron sulphides in Quaternary sediments and soils: Quaternary Climates, Environments and Magnetism.
Song, W. M., Zhou, J. A., Wang, B., Li, S., and Han, J., 2020, New insight into investigation of reduction of desulfurization ash by pyrite for clean generation SO2: Journal of Cleaner Production. 253, 120026.
Uhlig, I., Szargan, R., and Nesbitt, H.W., et al, 2001, Surface states and reactivity of pyrite and marcasite: Applied Surface Science, 179, 222–229.
Velimirovic, M., and Larsson P. O., 2013, Queenie Simons, Leen Bastiaens, Reactivity screening of microscale zerovalent irons and iron sulfides towards different CAHs under standardized experimental conditions: Journal of Hazardous Materials. 252–253, 204–212.
Yin, X. X., Wadji, A. B., and Zhang Y. C., 2022, A Biomedical Perspective in Terahertz Nano-Communications-A Review: IEEE Sensors Journal. 22, 9215–9227.
Yu, J. J., Wang Y. Y., and Ding, J. J., et al, 2023, Broadband Photon-Assisted Terahertz Communication and Sensing: Journal of Lightwave Technology. 41, 1–17.
Zhan, H. L., Chen, R., Miao, X. Y., Li, Y. Z., Zhao, K., Hao, S. J., and Chen, X. H., 2018, Size effect on microparticle detection: IEEE Transaction on Terahertz Science and Technology, 8, 477–481.
Zhang, H. G., Liu, J., Kang, Z. Q., and Yang, D., 2018, Eperimental research of the pyrolytic properties and mineral components of bogda oil shale, China: Oil Shale. 35, 214–229.
Zhang, T., Huang, H. C., Zhang, Z. L., Gao H., Gao, L., and Zheng, Z. Y., 2021, Sensitive characterizations of polyvinyl chloride using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy: Infrared Physics & Technology, 118, 103878.
Zhao, H. L., and Qing Z., et al, 2015, Transformations of pyrite in different associations during pyrolysis of coal, Fuel Processing Technology. 131, 304–310.
Zunino, F., and Scrivener, K., 2022, Oxidation of pyrite (FeS2) and troilite (FeS) impurities in Kaolinitic clays after calcination: Materials and Structures, 55, 1–11.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
This research is sponsored jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61805214), Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics (SITP-NLIST-YB-2022-12), Piesat Information Technology remote sensing interdisciplinary research project (HTHT202202), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2-9-2022-203). Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Bast (BYESS2020037).
Zhang Tong is a PhD student at China University of Geosciences (Beijing). She graduated from Tianjin University of Technology and received a Bachelor’s degree in 2019 and received her Master’s degree from China University of Geosciences (Beijing) in 2022. Her primary research focus is on solving geologic phenomena using terahertz spectroscopy.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, T., Song, C., Zheng, ZY. et al. Characterization of pyrolytic properties of pyrite in the terahertz frequency band. Appl. Geophys. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-024-1067-x
Received:
Revised:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11770-024-1067-x