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Spatial patterns of irrigation water withdrawals in China and implications for water saving

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Abstract

By considering numerical features, spatial variation, and spatial association, the spatial patterns of China’s irrigation water withdrawals in 2001 and 2010 were explored at the regional, provincial, and prefectural scales. In addition, an overlay analysis was used to develop specific water-saving guidance for areas under different levels of water stress and with different degrees of irrigation water withdrawals. It was found that at the regional scale, irrigation water withdrawals were highest in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River region in both years, while at the provincial scale, the largest irrigation water withdrawals occurred in Xinjiang. During 2001–2010, the total of irrigation water withdrawals decreased; however, in the Northeast region, especially in Heilongjiang Province, it experienced a dramatic increase. The spatial variation was largest at the prefectural scale, with an apparent effect. The spatial association was globally negative at the provincial scale, and Xinjiang was the only significant high-low outlier. In contrast, the association displayed a significant positive relationship at the prefectural scale, and several clusters and outliers were detected. Finally, it was found that the water stress in the northern part of China worsened and water-saving irrigation techniques urgently need to be applied in the Northeast region, the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain region, and Gansu-Xinjiang region. This study verified that a multi-scale and aspect analysis of the spatial patterns of irrigation water withdrawals were essential and provided water-saving advice for different areas.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the generous financial support of Irish Aid, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of The Netherlands, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark, and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Hongrun Ju, Zengxiang Zhang, Qingke Wen & Lijun Zuo

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Hongrun Ju

  3. World Resources Institute, Beijing, 100027, China

    Jiao Wang & Lijin Zhong

Authors
  1. Hongrun Ju
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  2. Zengxiang Zhang
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  3. Qingke Wen
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  4. Jiao Wang
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  5. Lijin Zhong
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  6. Lijun Zuo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qingke Wen.

Additional information

Foundation item: Under the auspices of National Science and Technology Support Projects of China (No. 2014BAL01B01C)

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Ju, H., Zhang, Z., Wen, Q. et al. Spatial patterns of irrigation water withdrawals in China and implications for water saving. Chin. Geogr. Sci. 27, 362–373 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-017-0871-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-017-0871-0

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