Abstract
Many ecosystems extend across national or political boundaries. The consistent and effective protection of these ecosystems in transboundary areas (ETAs) is an important global research focus. Previous research on the protection of such areas can be categorized into seven themes: 1) ecological conservation of a single ETA; 2) investigation of the effects of a single conservation measure on a specific ETA; 3) determination of species-level effects due to ETA conservation; 4) comparison of the same protection measures between different ETAs; 5) introduction of a single conservation measure to a specific ETA; 6) understanding the relationship between conservation and sustainable development; and 7) generalization across multiple ETA conservation cases. The protection of ETAs involves various considerations, including funding support, demand and will for collaboration, community and public participation, historical and cultural factors, political backgrounds, uniqueness of biological resources, formulation of laws and regulations, founding of specialized administrative departments, non-governmental organizations, and fairness. Here, we briefly explain the research themes and considerations related to ETA conservation. The most important finding is that most major research themes do not focus on the challenges of ETA conservation. We use two nature reserves located between China and North Korea as examples to identify specific ways to improve ETA conservation on Changbai Mountains. The efficiency of ETA administration still remains low. The study of ETA conservation should focus on concrete regional information and aim to improve existing measures through the accumulation of experience.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bennett G, 2004. Integrating Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use: Lessons Learned from Ecological Networks. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN.
Büscher B, 2012. Payments for ecosystem services as neoliberal conservation: (reinterpreting) evidence from the Maloti-Drakensberg, South Africa. Conservation & Society, 10(1): 29–41. doi: 10.4103/0972-4923.92190
Hu Wenjun, Chen Jiwei, Zhang Changchun, 2010. Practices of the international cooperation across the Danube River Basin and their inspirations. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 19(7): 739–745. (in Chinese)
Lambertucci S A, Alarcon P A E, Hiraldo F et al., 2014. Apex scavenger movements call for transboundary conservation policies. Biological Conservation, 170: 145–150. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.12.041
Lange S, 2009. Transboundary Cooperation in Protected Area’s Management: Factors Influencing Success or Failure. University of Klagenfurt, Master dissertation.
Leibenath M, Blum A, Stutzriemer S, 2010. Transboundary cooperation in establishing ecological networks: the case of Germanys external borders. Landscape and Urban Planning, 94(2): 84–93. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.08.002
Lysenko I, Besancon C, Savy C, 2007. 2007 UNEP-WCMC global list of transboundary protected areas. Available at: http://www.unep-wcmc.org.
Marcot B G, Ganzei S S, Zhang T F et al., 1997. A sustainable plan for conserving forest biodiversity in Far East Russia and Northeast China. Forestry Chronicle, 73(5): 565–571.
Nakul C, Eklabya S, Shakya B et al., 2007. Developing forested conservation corridors in the Kangchenjunga landscape, eastern Himalaya. Mountain Research and Development, 27(3): 211–214. doi: 10.1659/mrd.0923
Oszlányi J, Grodzinska K, Badea O et al., 2004. Nature conservation in central and eastern Europe with a special emphasis on the Carpathian Mountains. Environmental Pollution, 130(1): 127–134. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.10.028
Piao Z J, Tang L N, Swihart R K et al., 2011. Human-wildlife competition for Korean pine seeds: vertebrate responses and long-term implications for mixed forests on Changbai Mountains, China. Annals of Forest Science, 68(5): 911–919. doi: 10.1007/s13595-011-0097-8
Potapov P, Yaroshenko A, Turubanova S et al., 2008. Mapping the world’s intact forest landscapes by remote sensing. Ecology and Society, 13(2): 51.
Sandwith T, Shine C, Hamilton L et al., 2001). Transboundary Protected Areas for Peace and Co-operation. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN.
Schindler S, Curado N, Nikolov S C et al., 2011. From research to implementation: nature conservation in the Eastern Rhodopes mountains (Greece and Bulgaria), European Green Belt. Journal for Nature Conservation, 19(4): 193–201. doi: 10.1016/j.jnc.2011.01.001
Schmitt C B, Burgess N D, Coad L et al., 2009. Global analysis of the protection status of the world’s forests. Biological Conservation, 142: 2122–2130. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.04.012
Schoon M L, 2005. Do Parks Harm More Than They Help? The Role of Peace Parks in Improving Robustness in Southern Africa. In: Institutional Analysis for Environmental Decision-making Workshop, Conference Proceedings.
Selier S A J, Page B R, Vanak A T et al., 2014. Sustainability of elephant hunting across international borders in Southern Africa: a case study of the greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier conservation area. Journal of Wildlife Management, 78(1): 122–132. doi: 10.1002/jwmg.641
Shao G F, 2011. Long-term field studies of old-growth forests on Changbai Mountain in Northeast China. Annals of Forest Science, 68(5): 885–887. doi: 10.1007/s13595-011-0094-y
Shao G F, Wang H, Dai L M et al., 2005. Integrating stand and landscape decisions for multi-purposes of forest harvesting. Forest Ecology and Management, 207(1–2): 233–243. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.029
Shao G F, Zhao G, 1998. Protection versus harvest of old-growth forests on the Changbai Mountain (China and North Korea): a remote sensing application. Natural Areas Journal, 18(4): 334–341.
Shao G F, Zhao G, Zhao S D et al., 1996. Forest cover types derived from Landsat TM imagery for Changbai Mountain Area of China. Canada Journal of Forest Research, 26: 206–216. doi: 10.1139/x26-024
Shi Longyu, Li Du, Chen Lei et al., 2012. Transboundary protected areas as a means to biodiversity conservation. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32(21): 6892–6900. (in Chinese)
Tamburelli G, 2007. Notes on the legal framework for the sustainable management of transboundary protected areas. In: Tamburelli G (ed.). Biodiversity Conservation and Protected Areas. Milano: Giuffrè Editore.
Tang L N, Li A X, Shao G F, 2011. Landscape-level forest ecosystem conservation on Changbai Mountain, China and North Korea (DPRK). Mountain Research and Development, 31(2): 169–175. doi: 10.1659/Mrd-Journal-D-10-00120.1
Tang L N, Shao G F, Piao Z J et al., 2010. Forest degradation deepens around and within protected areas in East Asia. Biological Conservation, 143(5): 1295–1298. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon. 2010.01.024
Thomson G R, Penrith M L, Atkinson M W et al., 2013. Balancing livestock production and wildlife conservation in and around southern Africa’s transfrontier conservation areas. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 60(6): 492–506. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12175
Thorsell J, Harrison J, 1990). Parks that promote peace: a global inventory of transfrontier nature reserves. In: Thorsell J (ed.). Park of Borderline: Experience of Transfrontier Conservation. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN, 3–21.
Vasilijevic M, Pezold T, 2011). Crossing Borders for Nature: European Examples of Transboundary Conservation. Gland, Switzerland and Belgrade, Serbia: IUCN Programme Office for South-Eastern Europe.
Wilkerson M L, 2013. Invasive plants in conservation linkages: a conceptual model that addresses an underappreciated conservation issue. Ecography, 36(12): 1319–1330. doi: 10.1111/j.1600- 0587.2013.00182.x
Zbicz D C, 1999. The’ nature’ of transboundary cooperation. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 41(3): 15–16. doi: 10.1080/00139159909604617
Zbicz D C, Green M J B, 1997. Status of the world’s transfrontier protected areas. Parks, 7(3): 5–10.
Zhou Xiaoyu, 2008. Protection Status of wild Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) and their conservation strategy. Chinese Journal of Wildlife, 29: 40–43. (in Chinese)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Foundation item: Under the auspices of National Science and Technology Support Program (No. 2012BAC10B01), Sci-technology Project of Yunnan Province (No. 2012CA013)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tang, L., Gui, L., Shao, G. et al. Practice and research progress on ecosystem conservation in transboundary areas. Chin. Geogr. Sci. 26, 109–116 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-015-0761-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-015-0761-2