Abstract
In this paper, we consider a networked game with coupled constraints and focus on variational Nash equilibrium seeking. For distributed algorithm design, we eliminate the coupled constraints by employing local Lagrangian functions and construct exact penalty terms to attain multipliers’ optimal consensus, which yields a set of equilibrium conditions without any coupled constraint and consensus constraint. Moreover, these conditions are only based on strategy and multiplier variables, without auxiliary variables. Then, we present a distributed order-reduced dynamics that updates the strategy and multiplier variables with guaranteed convergence. Compared with many other distributed algorithms, our algorithm contains no auxiliary variable, and therefore, it can save computation and communication.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Krilašević, S., & Grammatico, S. (2021). Learning generalized Nash equilibria in multi-agent dynamical systems via extremum seeking control. Automatica, 133, 109846.
Schwarting, W., Pierson, A., Alonso-Mora, J., Karaman, S., & Rus, D. (2019). Social behavior for autonomous vehicles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(50), 24972–24978.
Grammatico, S. (2017). Dynamic control of agents playing aggregative games with coupling constraints. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 62(9), 4537–4548.
Zhu, R., Zhang, J., You, K., & Başar, T. (2022). Asynchronous networked aggregative games. Automatica, 136, 110054.
Yi, P., Hong, Y., & Liu, F. (2016). Initialization-free distributed algorithms for optimal resource allocation with feasibility constraints and its application to economic dispatch of power systems. Automatica, 74(12), 259–269.
Lu, K., Li, G., & Wang, L. (2020). Online distributed algorithms for seeking generalized Nash equilibria in dynamic environments. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 66(5), 2289–2296.
Facchinei, F., & Kanzow, C. (2010). Generalized Nash equilibrium problems. Annals of Operations Research, 175(1), 177–211.
Kulkarni, A. A., & Shanbhag, U. V. (2012). On the variational equilibrium as a refinement of the generalized Nash equilibrium. Automatica, 48(1), 45–55.
Lu, K., Jing, G., & Wang, L. (2018). Distributed algorithms for searching generalized Nash equilibrium of noncooperative games. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 49(6), 2362–2371.
Yi, P., & Pavel, L. (2019). An operator splitting approach for distributed generalized Nash equilibria computation. Automatica, 102, 111–121.
Bianchi, M., & Grammatico, S. (2021). Continuous-time fully distributed generalized Nash equilibrium seeking for multi-integrator agents. Automatica, 129, 109660.
Liang, S., Zeng, X., & Hong, Y. (2018). Distributed nonsmooth optimization with coupled inequality constraints via modified Lagrangian function. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 63(6), 1753–1759.
Li, W., Zeng, X., Liang, S., & Hong, Y. (2022). Exponentially convergent algorithm design for constrained distributed optimization via non-smooth approach. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 67(2), 934–940.
Sun, C., & Hu, G. (2021). Distributed generalized Nash equilibrium seeking for monotone generalized noncooperative games by a regularized penalized dynamical system. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 51(11), 5532–5545.
Rockafellar, R. T., & Wets, R. J. B. (1998). Variational Analysis. Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, vol. 317. New York: Springer.
Clarke, F. H., Ledyaev, Y. S., Stern, R. J., & Wolenski, P. R. (1998). Nonsmooth Analysis and Control Theory. . Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 178. New York: Springer.
Facchinei, F., & Pang, J. (2003). Finite-Dimensional Variational Inequalities and Complementarity Problems. Operations Research. New York: Springer.
Godsil, C., & Royle, G. F. (2001). Algebraic Graph Theory. Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 207. New York: Springer.
Cherukuri, A., & Cortés, J. (2016). Initialization-free distributed coordination for economic dispatch under varying loads and generator commitment. Automatica, 74(12), 183–193.
Falsone, A., Margellos, K., Garatti, S., & Prandini, M. (2017). Dual decomposition for multi-agent distributed optimization with coupling constraints. Automatica, 84, 149–158.
Filippov, A. F. (1988). Differential Equations with Discontinuous Righthand Sides. Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic.
Zheng, L., Li, H., Ran, L., Gao, L., & Xia, D. (2022). Distributed primal-dual algorithms for stochastic generalized Nash equilibrium seeking under full and partial-decision information. IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems.
Bianchi, M., Belgioioso, G., & Grammatico, S. (2022). Fast generalized Nash equilibrium seeking under partial-decision information. Automatica, 136, 110080.
Zeng, X., Chen, J., Liang, S., & Hong, Y. (2019). Generalized Nash equilibrium seeking strategy for distributed nonsmooth multi-cluster game. Automatica, 103, 20–26.
Han, Z., Niyato, D., Saad, W., & Başar, T. (2019). Game Theory for Next Generation Wireless and Communication Networks: Modeling, Analysis, and Design. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under grant 2022YFA1004700, and in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 72171171, and in part by Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project under grant 2021SHZDZX0100.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Liang, S., Liu, S., Hong, Y. et al. Distributed Nash equilibrium seeking with order-reduced dynamics based on consensus exact penalty. Control Theory Technol. 21, 363–373 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11768-023-00166-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11768-023-00166-7