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Archaeological Heritage in Guatemala: Indigenous Perspectives on the Ruins of Iximche’

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Abstract

In Guatemala local perspectives on heritage often remain unheard. In this paper a case study is presented to show the complex relationship between the highland site of Iximche’ and Tecpán, an Indigenous community nearby. Although Iximche’ is of little importance to the local economy, its significance is derived from its role as a field for different kinds of social and religious interactions. Traces of a spiritual relationship to this place can be dated back to the colonial period and today Maya from all over Guatemala go there to perform ceremonies. The place has also become a focal point of identity constructions for locals, Pan Mayan activists and the nation itself. The ruins of Iximche’ play an important role in the construction of collective memory which also includes ideas coming from external players such as Christian churches, the national government, Mayan activists, and archaeologists as well.

Resumen

En Guatemala, las perspectivas locales entorno al patrimonio suelen ser desatendidas. En este artículo se presenta un ejemplo para mostrar las complejas relaciones existentes entre el yacimiento montañés de Iximche’ y Tecpán, una comunidad Indígena próxima. Si bien Iximche’ es de escasa importancia para la economía local, su importancia deriva de su papel como escenario para diversos tipos de interacciones sociales y políticas. Las huellas de la existencia de relaciones espirituales con este lugar datan desde el periodo colonial y, en la actualidad, Mayas procedentes de cualquier punto de Guatemala acuden allí para desarrollar ceremonias. El lugar se ha convertido, así mismo, en foco para la construcción de identidades para los locales, los activistas Pan Mayas y para la propia nación. Las ruinas de Iximche’ juegan un papel importante en la construcción de la memoria colectiva, que incluye igualmente ideas procedentes de actores externos como las iglesias Cristinas, el gobierno nacional, los activistas Mayas y, también, los arqueólogos.

Résumé

Au Guatemala les perspectives locales sur le patrimoine sont souvent inconnues. Dans cet article un cas d’étude est utilisé pour montrer les relations complexes entre le site Iximche’ des hautes terres et Tecpán, une communauté autochtone voisine. Même si Iximche’ est d’une faible importance pour l’économie locale, sa signification provient de son rôle comme un endroit d’interactions sociales et religieuses diversifiées. Alors qu’aujourd’hui les Mayas de tout le Guatemala vont sur le site pour y pratiquer des cérémonies, on peut retracer des relations spirituelles avec ce site jusqu’à l’époque coloniale. L’endroit est aussi devenu un point de convergence pour la construction de l’identité par les gens locaux, les activistes du mouvement « Pan Mayan » et la nation en elle-même. Les ruines d’Iximche’ jouent un rôle important dans la construction de la mémoire collective qui inclut des idées d’influence externe comme l’église chrétienne, le gouvernement national, les activistes mayas et aussi les archéologues.

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Correspondence to Lars Frühsorge.

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Frühsorge, L. Archaeological Heritage in Guatemala: Indigenous Perspectives on the Ruins of Iximche’. Arch 3, 39–58 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11759-007-9001-4

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