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Entwicklungspsychologische Aspekte von Delinquenz

Empathie sowie pro- und reaktive Aggression im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Developmental psychological aspects of delinquency

Empathy, proreactive and reactive aggression in childhood and adolescence

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Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Aggressives Verhalten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ist meist ein vorübergehendes Phänomen. Hauptsächlich tritt es unproblematisch als entwicklungsphysiologisches Verhalten auf. Bei einem kleinen Teil von Kindern zeigt sich früh eine pathologische Entwicklung mit einem hohen Risiko für Delinquenz und sozialer Desintegration. Bindungsaspekte, Temperamentsfaktoren, bestimmte psychiatrische Störungen, aber auch soziale Faktoren sowie insbesondere der elterliche Erziehungsstil haben Einfluss auf die Ausbildung von Aggressivität und Delinquenz. Bestimmte Formen aggressiven Verhaltens, wie proaktive Aggression, prädisponieren eher zu längerfristigen Problemen. Psychopathie, Empathiedefizite und gleichgültig-unemotionale Persönlichkeitszüge sind Befunde, die gehäuft bei delinquenten Jugendlichen zu finden sind, wenngleich die Datenlage zur tatsächlichen Bedeutung der einzelnen Faktoren noch nicht konsistent ist.

Abstract

Children and adolescents are more likely to present aggressive behavior than adults. According to official criminal statistics in Germany approximately one quarter of all delinquents are younger than 25 years. Nevertheless, delinquency is a transient phenomenon in adolescence and the prevalence of delinquency in young adults decreases significantly. Most children show no problems with aggressive behavior or delinquency and only persistent problems with aggressive behavior, violence and conduct problems indicate the necessity for child and adolescent psychiatric diagnostics.

The type of aggression (proactive versus reactive) a child presents seems to be predictive for the later outcome and children with proactive aggression are at higher risk for later delinquency and social problems. Lack of empathy and psychopathic traits are further aspects which are of interest in research on etiology of aggressive behavior in children. Both seem to be relevant as predictors of the course of aggressive behavior. Furthermore, attachment problems in infancy, parenting style and ecological factors, such as socioeconomic status and peers have an influence both on the origin and on the course of aggressive behavior in children.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kliniken für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit GmbH, Landsberger Allee 49, 10249, Berlin, Deutschland

    Michael Kölch

  2. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland

    Michael Kölch,  Peter Rehmann &  Marc Allroggen

  3. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Basel, Schweiz

    Marc Schmid

  4. Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Landsberger Allee 49, 10249, Berlin, Deutschland

    Michael Kölch

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  1. Michael Kölch
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  4. Marc Allroggen
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Correspondence to Michael Kölch.

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Kölch, M., Schmid, M., Rehmann, P. et al. Entwicklungspsychologische Aspekte von Delinquenz. Forens Psychiatr Psychol Kriminol 6, 158–165 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-012-0169-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-012-0169-0

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