Abstract
Neurozerra conferta Walker is the principal Lepidopteran pest found associating with the Aquilaria trees in fragrant agarwood formations. Agarwood obtained through the involvement of this insect is reportedly superior in quality, with fine fragrance, high in demand and with higher market value. The role of this insect in conferring agarwood formation is obscure. The infestation by N. conferta essentially opens a gateway for microbial infection, which is the fundamental basis for agarwood formation. The bacterial diversity is also reportedly found to be higher in insect infested agarwood. For the first time, a culture dependent approach was made to isolate bacteria from the gut of N. conferta. A total of 10 bacteria were isolated that belong to families Enterobacteriaceae, Yersiniaceae and Pseudomonadaceae. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed the gut bacteria diversity composed of Enterobacter roggenkampii, E. cloacae, E. asburiae, Serratia marcescens, S. nematodiphila, Klebsiella oxytoca, K. variicola, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Raoultella ornithinolytica, and Citrobacter freundii. A screening for enzyme activity revealed, S. marcescens with the highest cellulase and xylanase activity, while K. variicola showed highest lipase activity. Being closely associated with gut of the larvae of N. conferta these isolates with important enzyme potentials can be involved in the formation of agarwood resin which can lead to newer insights on agarwood aroma which is still not clearly understood.
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Abbreviations
- PBS:
-
Phosphate-buffered saline
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of Variance
- BSA:
-
Bovine serum albumin
- CMC:
-
Carboxy Methyl Cellulose
- CRD:
-
Completely Randomised Design
- CTAB:
-
Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide
- DNS:
-
3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid
- EI:
-
Enzymatic Index
- EMBL:
-
European Molecular Biology Laboratory
- ICAR:
-
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
- LBA:
-
Luria Bertani Agar
- MEGA:
-
Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis
- NCBI:
-
National Centre for Biotechnology Information
- OD:
-
Optical Density
- PCR:
-
Polymerase Chain Reactions
- pNPP:
-
p-nitrophenol palmitate
- RPM:
-
Revolutions Per Minute
- TBA:
-
Tributyrin agar
- WASP:
-
Web Agri Stat Package
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Acknowledgements
Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Govt. of India, ST Fellowship, Award No.: 201920-NFST-ASS-01039 to Arup Khakhlari.
Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, Grant No. CRG/2018/003308, to Supriyo Sen.
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Khakhlari, A., Sen, S. Culture dependent bacteria from the gut of Neurozerra conferta Walker, the insect pest of agarwood trees possess enzymatic functions potentially associated with its aroma. Biologia 78, 2953–2964 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-023-01459-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-023-01459-7