Abstract
Fungi have emerged as a key source of natural products, despite the prevalence of various other microbial phyla in the marine ecosystem. They are increasingly being used for pigment production. The current study was performed to screen for a potential pigmented fungal strain isolated from Thirumullavaram, Kollam, Indian Ocean, followed by its extraction, characterization and antagonistic activity against clinical pathogens. Strain JAS3 was found to produce pale-yellow color pigment (UA 11.5 ± 0.5 g/L) when subjected to submerged fermentation in the optimized Czapek Dox medium at 28 ± 2 °C. Pigment extraction was performed using liquid–liquid separation with methanol as the solvent. Lambda max for the pigment was read at 430 nm. Biological and chemical characterization performed using thin layer chromatography, UV–Visible spectrophotometry, Fourier Transfer Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, confirmed the presence of many bioactive compounds responsible for the therapeutic activity of the pigment. Yeast cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity tests were performed to evaluate pigments' toxicity. Furthermore, the potential strain was identified and designated as Aspergillus nidulans strain JAS3 (accession no: MZ713409.1) using conventional and molecular techniques. To date, there are no such reports of colored bioactive metabolite extraction, purification and characterization from Aspergillus nidulans from Kollam, Indian Ocean. The colored pigment showed good bioactivity such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproteinase and antifouling activity against various clinical pathogenic strains, thereby proving its therapeutic importance which has not been reported previously. Strain JAS3 can be employed in a variety of pharmaceutical and biotechnology applications as an environmentally safe alternative to synthetic hues.
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Abbreviations
- CDA:
-
Czapek Dox Agar
- PDA:
-
Potato Dextrose Agar
- MEA:
-
Malt Extract Agar
- SDA:
-
Saboraud Dextrose Agar
- RBA:
-
Rose Bengal Agar
- LPCB:
-
Lactophenol Cotton Blue
- SEM:
-
Scanning Electron Microscope
- PCR:
-
Polymerase Chain Reaction
- NCBI:
-
National Centre for Biotechnology Information
- CDB:
-
Czapek Dox Broth
- PDB:
-
Potato Dextrose Broth
- SDB:
-
Saboraud Dextrose Broth
- MSG:
-
Mineral Salt Glucose
- DPPH:
-
1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl
- MIC:
-
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration;
- TPC:
-
Total phenolic content
- TLC:
-
Thin layer chromatography
- Rf :
-
Retention factor
- GC-MS:
-
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- FTIR:
-
Fourier Transform Infrared
- NMR:
-
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- YPD:
-
Yeast extract, Peptone and Dextrose
- BSA:
-
Bovine Serum Albumin
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Soumya Nair: Review of literature, Investigation, Methodology, Data curation, Writing- Original draft preparation, Editing.
Jayanthi Abraham*: Conceptualization. Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Reviewing, Approving final manuscript.
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Nair, S., Abraham, J. Biosynthesis and characterization of yellow pigment from Aspergillus nidulans strain JAS3 isolated from Thirumullavaram, Indian Ocean and its therapeutic activity against clinical pathogens. Biologia 78, 1171–1185 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-023-01337-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-023-01337-2