Abstract
The current study is centered on the application of Ca doped CuO nanoparticles (NPs) made by a simple chemical precipitation method for aquaculture wastewater treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the phase, crystallite size, and morphological characteristics of the produced Ca doped CuO nanoparticles. XRD results demonstrated that the pristine and Ca doped CuO nanoparticles (0.5wt%, 2wt%, 4wt%) exhibited a crystallite size of 10–12 nm. As seen by FE-SEM, the nanoparticles were rice grain shaped. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the binding energies for Cu at 933.6 and 953.7 eV, for O at 529.4 and 532.1 eV, and for Ca at 347.3 and 350.2 eV. The FTIR results demonstrated the characteristic peaks for Cu-O vibration modes at 426, 500, and 610 cm− 1. The antibacterial effectiveness of the fabricated materials was examined using the disc diffusion method against Gram-negative bacteria found in aquatic fish (Aeromonas salmonicida strain MTCC 1522). This assay showed that 0.5 wt% Ca doped CuO nanoparticles exhibited excellent antibacterial activity, wherein the zone of inhibition (ZOI) was found to be 25.5 ± 0.20 mm compared to pristine CuO NPs with 15 ± 0.46 mm ZOI. The production of ROS, which induces bacterial cell wall breakage, is the reason for the high antibacterial efficiency of fabricated materials. It causes the contents of the cell to leak out, eventually leading to cell death. Taking into account the simple synthesis technique and effective antibacterial efficacy of Ca doped CuO NPs, our results suggest that this material has a good prospect for use in wastewater purification.
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Abbreviations
- E. coli :
-
Escherichia coli
- L. pneumophila :
-
Legionella pneumophila
- V. cholera :
-
Vibrio cholera
- AOPs:
-
Advanced Oxidation Processes
- ROS:
-
Reactive Oxygen Species
- NPs:
-
Nanoparticles
- C. bonducella :
-
Caesalpinia bonducella
- S. aureus :
-
Staphylococcus aureus
- S. epidermidis :
-
Staphylococcus epidermidis
- P. aeruginosa :
-
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- S. maltophilia :
-
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
- E. faecalis :
-
Enterococcus faecalis
- S. mutans :
-
Streptococcus mutans
- K. pneumoniae :
-
Klebsiella pneumonia
- A. salmonicida :
-
Aeromonas salmonicida
- C. albicans :
-
Candida albicans
- MTCC:
-
Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank
- AR:
-
Analytical Research
- M:
-
molar
- oC:
-
degree Celcius
- Wt%:
-
weight%
- XRD:
-
X-ray diffraction
- SEM:
-
Scanning Electron Microscope
- FT-IR:
-
Fourier Transform Infrared
- XPS:
-
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- LB:
-
Luria Bertani
- eV:
-
electron volt
- kV:
-
kilovolt
- mA:
-
Milliampere
- RPM:
-
Revolutions per minute
- ICAR:
-
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
- min:
-
minutes
- µL:
-
microlitre
- mm:
-
millimeter
- nm:
-
nanometer
- EDAX:
-
Energy dispersive X-Ray
- mg:
-
milligram
- ZOI:
-
Zone of Inhibition
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful for the infrastructure provided by Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women. Ms. Saumya is grateful for the junior research fellowship she received from the Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women. The authors would like to thank Jamia Millia Islamia’s Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, New Delhi for providing the instrumental facilities.
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Saumya, Dasauni, K., Nailwal, T.K. et al. Facile synthesis of Ca doped CuO nanoparticles and their investigation in antibacterial efficacy. Biologia 78, 903–911 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01303-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01303-4